All people A–Z
All 738 thinkers on the Agora star map, from antiquity to the present – each with dates, school and a portrait of their own.
A
- Taha Abderrahmaneb. 1944 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Muhammad Abduh1849–1905 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Peter Abelard1079–1142 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Athir al-Din al-Abharic. 1194–1265 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Abhinavaguptac. 950–1016 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Jane Addams1860–1935 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Adi Shankarac. 700–750 · conventionally dated 788–820 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Theodor W. Adorno1903–1969 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Jamal al-Din al-Afghani1838–1897 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Giorgio Agambenb. 1942 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz1890–1963 · Analytic Philosophy
- Akka Mahadevic. 1130–1160 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Akshapada Gautamac. 120–190 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Syed Hussein Alatas1928–2007 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Albertus Magnusc. 1200–1280 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Taiaiake Alfredb. c. 1964 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Louis Althusser1918–1990 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- B. R. Ambedkar1891–1956 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Anton Wilhelm Amoc. 1703–1759 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Anaxagorasc. 500–428 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Anaximanderc. 610–546 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Anaximenesc. 586–526 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Elizabeth Andersonb. 1959 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Lou Andreas-Salomé1861–1937 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- G. E. M. Anscombe1919–2001 · Analytic Philosophy
- Anselm of Canterbury1033–1109 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Antisthenesc. 445–365 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Gloria Anzaldúa1942–2004 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Kwame Anthony Appiahb. 1954 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Thomas Aquinasc. 1225–1274 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Arcesilausc. 316–241 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Hannah Arendt1906–1975 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Aristippus of Cyrenec. 435–356 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Aristotle384–322 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Mohammed Arkoun1928–2010 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Antoine Arnauld1612–1694 · Rationalism
- Talal Asadb. 1932 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Asangac. 310–390 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Molefi Kete Asanteb. 1942 · African & Africana Philosophy
- al-Asharic. 874–936 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Nana Asma’u1793–1864 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Mary Astell1666–1731 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Atishac. 982–1054 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Augustine354–430 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Sri Aurobindo1872–1950 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- J. L. Austin1911–1960 · Analytic Philosophy
- A. J. Ayer1910–1989 · Analytic Philosophy
- Sadiq Jalal al-Azm1934–2016 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
B
- Gaston Bachelard1884–1962 · Science & Human Sciences
- Johann Jakob Bachofen1815–1887 · Science & Human Sciences
- Francis Bacon1561–1626 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Roger Baconc. 1219–1292 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Mikhail Bakhtin1895–1975 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Mikhail Bakunin1814–1876 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Ban Zhaoc. 45–117 · East Asian Philosophy
- Asma Barlasb. 1950 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Roland Barthes1915–1980 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Jean Baudrillard1929–2007 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Zygmunt Bauman1925–2017 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Pierre Bayle1647–1706 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Simone de Beauvoir1908–1986 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Cesare Beccaria1738–1794 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Ulrich Beck1944–2015 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Seyla Benhabibb. 1950 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Walter Benjamin1892–1940 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Malek Bennabi1905–1973 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Jeremy Bentham1748–1832 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Nikolai Berdyaev1874–1948 · Russian Religious Philosophy
- Peter L. Berger1929–2017 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Henri Bergson1859–1941 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- George Berkeley1685–1753 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Isaiah Berlin1909–1997 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Talia Mae Bettcherb. c. 1966 · Analytic Philosophy
- Bhartrharic. 450–510 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- K. C. Bhattacharya1875–1949 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Steve Biko1946–1977 · African & Africana Philosophy
- al-Biruni973–1048 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Lucian Blaga1895–1961 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Herbert Blumer1900–1987 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Edward Wilmot Blyden1832–1912 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Franz Boas1858–1942 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Norberto Bobbio1909–2004 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Boethiusc. 477–524 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Bernard Bolzano1781–1848 · Analytic Philosophy
- Bonaventurec. 1221–1274 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Augusto Salazar Bondy1925–1974 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Nick Bostromb. 1973 · Analytic Philosophy
- Fabien Eboussi Boulaga1934–2018 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Pierre Bourdieu1930–2002 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Georg Brandes1842–1927 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Franz Brentano1838–1917 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Brihaspati (Carvaka)legendary figure · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Giordano Bruno1548–1600 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Martin Buber1878–1965 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Jacob Burckhardt1818–1897 · Science & Human Sciences
- John Buridanc. 1300–1360 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Edmund Burke1729–1797 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Brian Burkhartcontemporary · Indigenous Philosophies
- Judith Butlerb. 1956 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
C
- Amílcar Cabral1924–1973 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Tommaso Campanella1568–1639 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Albert Camus1913–1960 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Georges Canguilhem1904–1995 · Science & Human Sciences
- Georg Cantor1845–1918 · Analytic Philosophy
- Rudolf Carnap1891–1970 · Analytic Philosophy
- Carneadesc. 214–129 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Ernst Cassirer1874–1945 · Science & Human Sciences
- Cornelius Castoriadis1922–1997 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Eduardo Viveiros de Castrob. 1951 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Adriana Cavarerob. 1947 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Margaret Cavendish1623–1673 · Rationalism
- Kınalızade Ali Çelebi1510–1572 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Aimé Césaire1913–2008 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Pyotr Chaadaev1794–1856 · Russian Religious Philosophy
- Dipesh Chakrabartyb. 1948 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- David Chalmersb. 1966 · Analytic Philosophy
- Chandrakirtic. 600–650 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Émilie du Châtelet1706–1749 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Cheng Hao1032–1085 · East Asian Philosophy
- Cheng Yi1033–1107 · East Asian Philosophy
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky1828–1889 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Christine de Pizanc. 1364–1430 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Chrysippusc. 279–206 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Cicero106–43 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- August Cieszkowski1814–1894 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Emil Cioran1911–1995 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Andy Clarkb. 1957 · Analytic Philosophy
- Hermann Cohen1842–1918 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Patricia Hill Collinsb. 1948 · Sociology & Social Theory
- John Amos Comenius1592–1670 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Auguste Comte1798–1857 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Confuciustraditionally 551–479 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Raewyn Connellb. 1944 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Anne Conway1631–1679 · Rationalism
- Anna Julia Cooper1858–1964 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Nicolaus Copernicus1473–1543 · Science & Human Sciences
- Viola Cordova1937–2002 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Glen Sean Coulthardb. 1974 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Alice Craryb. 1967 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Crates of Thebesc. 365–285 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Kimberlé Crenshawb. 1959 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Hasdai Crescasc. 1340–1411 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Benedetto Croce1866–1952 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Alexander Crummell1819–1898 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Silvia Rivera Cusicanquib. 1949 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
D
- Dai Zhen1724–1777 · East Asian Philosophy
- Charles Darwin1809–1882 · Science & Human Sciences
- Donald Davidson1917–2003 · Analytic Philosophy
- Angela Davisb. 1944 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Jalal al-Din al-Dawanic. 1426–1502 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Gilles Deleuze1925–1995 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Vine Deloria Jr.1933–2005 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Robin Dembroffcontemporary · Analytic Philosophy
- Democritusc. 460–370 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Daniel Dennett1942–2024 · Analytic Philosophy
- Jacques Derrida1930–2004 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- René Descartes1596–1650 · Rationalism
- Philippe Descolab. 1949 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- John Dewey1859–1952 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Dharmakirtic. 600–660 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Souleymane Bachir Diagneb. 1955 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Denis Diderot1713–1784 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Dignagac. 480–540 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Wilhelm Dilthey1833–1911 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Diogenes of Sinopec. 412–323 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Cheikh Anta Diop1923–1986 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Dōgen1200–1253 · East Asian Philosophy
- Fyodor Dostoevsky1821–1881 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Kristie Dotsoncontemporary · Analytic Philosophy
- Mary Douglas1921–2007 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Frederick Douglass1818–1895 · African & Africana Philosophy
- W. E. B. Du Bois1868–1963 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Michael Dummett1925–2011 · Analytic Philosophy
- John Duns Scotusc. 1266–1308 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Émile Durkheim1858–1917 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Enrique Dussel1934–2023 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
E
- Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa)1858–1939 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Meister Eckhartc. 1260–1328 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Umberto Eco1932–2016 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Christian von Ehrenfels1859–1932 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Albert Einstein1879–1955 · Science & Human Sciences
- Norbert Elias1897–1990 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Elisabeth of Bohemia1618–1680 · Rationalism
- Ralph Waldo Emerson1803–1882 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Empedoclesc. 494–434 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Friedrich Engels1820–1895 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Epictetusc. 50–135 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Epicurus341–270 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Erasmus of Rotterdamc. 1466–1536 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Didier Eribonb. 1953 · Sociology & Social Theory
- John Scotus Eriugenac. 815–877 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Gøsta Esping-Andersenb. 1947 · Sociology & Social Theory
- E. E. Evans-Pritchard1902–1973 · Sociology & Social Theory
F
- Frantz Fanon1925–1961 · African & Africana Philosophy
- al-Farabic. 872–950 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Fazang643–712 · East Asian Philosophy
- Silvia Federicib. 1942 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Feng Youlan1895–1990 · East Asian Philosophy
- Adam Ferguson1723–1816 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Ludwig Feuerbach1804–1872 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Paul Feyerabend1924–1994 · Analytic Philosophy
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte1762–1814 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Marsilio Ficino1433–1499 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Anténor Firmin1850–1911 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Kuno Fischer1824–1907 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Pavel Florensky1882–1937 · Russian Religious Philosophy
- Luciano Floridib. 1964 · Analytic Philosophy
- Usman dan Fodio1754–1817 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Jerry Fodor1935–2017 · Analytic Philosophy
- Philippa Foot1920–2010 · Analytic Philosophy
- Rainer Forstb. 1964 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Michel Foucault1926–1984 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Harry Frankfurt1929–2023 · Analytic Philosophy
- Nancy Fraserb. 1947 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Gottlob Frege1848–1925 · Analytic Philosophy
- Paulo Freire1921–1997 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Sigmund Freud1856–1939 · Science & Human Sciences
- Miranda Frickerb. 1966 · Analytic Philosophy
- Erich Fromm1900–1980 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
G
- Solomon ibn Gabirolc. 1021–1058 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Hans-Georg Gadamer1900–2002 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Galileo Galilei1564–1642 · Science & Human Sciences
- Johan Galtung1930–2024 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Mohandas K. Gandhi1869–1948 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Gangeshac. 1300–1360 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- José Gaos1900–1969 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Inca Garcilaso de la Vega1539–1616 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Harold Garfinkel1917–2011 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Gargi Vachaknavitraditionally c. 780–700 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Pierre Gassendi1592–1655 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- José Ortega y Gasset1883–1955 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Clifford Geertz1926–2006 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Giovanni Gentile1875–1944 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom)1288–1344 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- al-Ghazali1058–1111 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Anthony Giddensb. 1938 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Carol Gilliganb. 1936 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Paul Gilroyb. 1956 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Kurt Gödel1906–1978 · Analytic Philosophy
- Erving Goffman1922–1982 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Emma Goldman1869–1940 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Gongsun Longc. 325–250 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Lélia Gonzalez1935–1994 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Lewis R. Gordonb. 1962 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Gorgiasc. 483–376 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Olympe de Gouges1748–1793 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Baltasar Gracián1601–1658 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Mary Grahamcontemporary · Indigenous Philosophies
- Antonio Gramsci1891–1937 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Algirdas Julien Greimas1917–1992 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- H. P. Grice1913–1988 · Analytic Philosophy
- Hugo Grotius1583–1645 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Sophie de Grouchy1764–1822 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- N. F. S. Grundtvig1783–1872 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayalac. 1535–1616 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Guo Xiangc. 252–312 · East Asian Philosophy
- Gustavo Gutiérrez1928–2024 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Kwame Gyekye1939–2019 · African & Africana Philosophy
H
- Jürgen Habermas1929–2026 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Axel Hägerström1868–1939 · Analytic Philosophy
- Judah Halevic. 1075–1141 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Stuart Hall1932–2014 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Ham Seok-heon1901–1989 · East Asian Philosophy
- Byung-Chul Hanb. 1959 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Han Feizic. 280–233 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Han Yu768–824 · East Asian Philosophy
- Hassan Hanafi1935–2021 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Donna Harawayb. 1944 · Science & Human Sciences
- Sandra Harding1935–2025 · Science & Human Sciences
- R. M. Hare1919–2002 · Analytic Philosophy
- Sally Haslangerb. 1955 · Analytic Philosophy
- Epeli Hauʻofa1939–2009 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770–1831 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Martin Heidegger1889–1976 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Virginia Held1929–2026 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Agnes Heller1929–2019 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Héloïsec. 1100–1164 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Carl Gustav Hempel1905–1997 · Analytic Philosophy
- Heraclitusc. 535–475 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Johann Gottfried Herder1744–1803 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Alexander Herzen1812–1870 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Walda Heywatc. 1630–1700 · African & Africana Philosophy
- David Hilbert1862–1943 · Analytic Philosophy
- Hildegard of Bingen1098–1179 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Jaakko Hintikka1929–2015 · Analytic Philosophy
- Hipparchia of Maroneiac. 350–280 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Hiratsuka Raichō1886–1971 · East Asian Philosophy
- Thomas Hobbes1588–1679 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Arlie Russell Hochschildb. 1940 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Harald Høffding1843–1931 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Friedrich Hölderlin1770–1843 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Axel Honnethb. 1949 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- bell hooks1952–2021 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Max Horkheimer1895–1973 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Janina Hosiasson-Lindenbaum1899–1942 · Analytic Philosophy
- Paulin Hountondji1942–2024 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Hu Shih1891–1962 · East Asian Philosophy
- Huang Zongxi1610–1695 · East Asian Philosophy
- Hui Shic. 370–310 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Huinengtraditionally 638–713 · East Asian Philosophy
- Johan Huizinga1872–1945 · Science & Human Sciences
- David Hume1711–1776 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Zora Neale Hurston1891–1960 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Taha Hussein1889–1973 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Edmund Husserl1859–1938 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Francis Hutcheson1694–1746 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Hypatiac. 355–415 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
I
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)c. 965–1040 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Arabi1165–1240 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Bajja (Avempace)c. 1085–1138 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Hazm994–1064 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Khaldun1332–1406 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)1126–1198 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna)980–1037 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Taymiyya1263–1328 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ibn Tufaylc. 1105–1185 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Adud al-Din al-Iji1281–1355 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Eva Illouzb. 1961 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Roman Ingarden1893–1970 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Muhammad Iqbal1877–1938 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Luce Irigarayb. 1930 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Isaac Israelic. 855–955 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Itō Jinsai1627–1705 · East Asian Philosophy
J
- Mohammed Abed al-Jabri1935–2010 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Frank Jacksonb. 1943 · Analytic Philosophy
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi1743–1819 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Rahel Jaeggib. 1966 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Jaiminic. 250–180 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- William James1842–1910 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Karl Jaspers1883–1969 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Jeong Yak-yong (Dasan)1762–1836 · East Asian Philosophy
- Jinul1158–1210 · East Asian Philosophy
- Hans Jonas1903–1993 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Claudia Jones1915–1964 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruzc. 1648–1695 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Julian of Norwichc. 1343–1416 · Medieval & Scholastic
- C. G. Jung1875–1961 · Science & Human Sciences
- al-Sharif al-Jurjani1340–1413 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
K
- Kabirc. 1440–1518 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Alexis Kagame1912–1981 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Eino Kaila1890–1958 · Analytic Philosophy
- Kanadac. 200–130 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Kang Youwei1858–1927 · East Asian Philosophy
- Immanuel Kant1724–1804 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Kapilalegendary figure · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Karatani Kōjinb. 1941 · East Asian Philosophy
- Muhsin Fayd Kashani1598–1680 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Najm al-Din al-Katibi1203–1277 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ellen Key1849–1926 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Søren Kierkegaard1813–1855 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- al-Kindic. 801–873 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Martin Luther King Jr.1929–1968 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Leszek Kołakowski1927–2009 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Alexandra Kollontai1872–1952 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Davi Kopenawab. c. 1956 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Christine Korsgaardb. 1952 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Reinhart Koselleck1923–2006 · Science & Human Sciences
- Karel Kosík1926–2003 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński1886–1981 · Analytic Philosophy
- Ailton Krenakb. 1953 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Saul Kripke1940–2022 · Analytic Philosophy
- Daya Krishna1924–2007 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Julia Kristevab. 1941 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Peter Kropotkin1842–1921 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Thomas S. Kuhn1922–1996 · Analytic Philosophy
- Kūkai774–835 · East Asian Philosophy
- Kuki Shūzō1888–1941 · East Asian Philosophy
- Kumarila Bhattac. 590–650 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Rodolfo Kusch1922–1979 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
L
- Antonio Labriola1843–1904 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Jacques Lacan1901–1981 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Imre Lakatos1922–1974 · Analytic Philosophy
- Lal Dedc. 1320–1392 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Friedrich Albert Lange1828–1875 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Susanne K. Langer1895–1985 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Laozilegendary figure · East Asian Philosophy
- Bartolomé de las Casas1484–1566 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Emil Lask1875–1915 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Bruno Latour1947–2022 · Science & Human Sciences
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz1646–1716 · Rationalism
- Stanisław Leśniewski1886–1939 · Analytic Philosophy
- Claude Lévi-Strauss1908–2009 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Emmanuel Levinas1906–1995 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- David Lewis1941–2001 · Analytic Philosophy
- Li Zehou1930–2021 · East Asian Philosophy
- Liang Qichao1873–1929 · East Asian Philosophy
- Liang Shuming1893–1988 · East Asian Philosophy
- Justus Lipsius1547–1606 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Ramon Llullc. 1232–1316 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Alain Locke1885–1954 · African & Africana Philosophy
- John Locke1632–1704 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- K. E. Løgstrup1905–1981 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Carla Lonzi1931–1982 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Audre Lorde1934–1992 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Yuri Lotman1922–1993 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Hermann Lotze1817–1881 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Lu Jiuyuan (Lu Xiangshan)1139–1193 · East Asian Philosophy
- Thomas Luckmann1927–2016 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Lucretiusc. 99–55 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- María Lugones1944–2020 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Niklas Luhmann1927–1998 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Georg Lukács1885–1971 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Rosa Luxemburg1871–1919 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Jean-François Lyotard1924–1998 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
#
- Jan Łukasiewicz1878–1956 · Analytic Philosophy
M
- William MacAskillb. 1987 · Analytic Philosophy
- Catharine Macaulay1731–1791 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Ernst Mach1838–1916 · Science & Human Sciences
- Niccolò Machiavelli1469–1527 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Alasdair MacIntyre1929–2025 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Catharine A. MacKinnonb. 1946 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Madhvacharyac. 1238–1317 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Mahavirac. 500–425 BCE · traditionally 599–527 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Saba Mahmood1962–2018 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Maimonides1138–1204 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Maitreyitraditionally c. 780–700 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Nicolas Malebranche1638–1715 · Rationalism
- Bronisław Malinowski1884–1942 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Mahmood Mamdanib. 1946 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Bernard Mandeville1670–1733 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Karl Mannheim1893–1947 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Ruth Barcan Marcus1921–2012 · Analytic Philosophy
- Marcus Aurelius121–180 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Herbert Marcuse1898–1979 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- José Carlos Mariátegui1894–1930 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Māori Marsden1924–1993 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Marsilius of Paduac. 1275–1342 · Medieval & Scholastic
- José Martí1853–1895 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Harriet Martineau1802–1876 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Maruyama Masao1914–1996 · East Asian Philosophy
- Karl Marx1818–1883 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk1850–1937 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Damaris Masham1659–1708 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Bimal Krishna Matilal1935–1991 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Marcel Mauss1872–1950 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Giuseppe Mazzini1805–1872 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Achille Mbembeb. 1957 · African & Africana Philosophy
- John S. Mbiti1931–2019 · African & Africana Philosophy
- George Herbert Mead1863–1931 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- José Medinab. 1968 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Alexius Meinong1853–1920 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Moses Mendelssohn1729–1786 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Mengzi (Mencius)c. 372–289 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Ifeanyi Menkiti1940–2019 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty1908–1961 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Fatima Mernissi1940–2015 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Robert K. Merton1910–2003 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Thomas Metzingerb. 1958 · Analytic Philosophy
- Mary Midgley1919–2018 · Analytic Philosophy
- Walter Mignolob. 1941 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Harriet Taylor Mill1807–1858 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- John Stuart Mill1806–1873 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- John Millar1735–1801 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- C. Wright Mills1916–1962 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Charles W. Mills1951–2021 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Mir Damadc. 1561–1631 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola1463–1494 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Miskawayhc. 932–1030 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewskic. 1503–1572 · Renaissance & Humanism
- J. N. Mohanty1928–2023 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Michel de Montaigne1533–1592 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Montesquieu1689–1755 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Maria Montessori1870–1952 · Science & Human Sciences
- G. E. Moore1873–1958 · Analytic Philosophy
- Aileen Moreton-Robinsonb. 1956 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Gaetano Mosca1858–1941 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Motoori Norinaga1730–1801 · East Asian Philosophy
- Mou Zongsan1909–1995 · East Asian Philosophy
- Mozic. 470–391 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- V. Y. Mudimbe1941–2025 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Mulla Sadrac. 1572–1640 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Luisa Muraro1940–2026 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Iris Murdoch1919–1999 · Analytic Philosophy
N
- Arne Næss1912–2009 · Analytic Philosophy
- Nagarjunac. 150–250 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Thomas Nagelb. 1937 · Analytic Philosophy
- Ashis Nandyb. 1937 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Uma Narayanb. 1958 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Paulette Nardal1896–1985 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Seyyed Hossein Nasrb. 1933 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Paul Natorp1854–1924 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Antonio Negri1933–2023 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Otto Neurath1882–1945 · Analytic Philosophy
- Isaac Newton1643–1727 · Science & Human Sciences
- Nezahualcóyotl1402–1472 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Nichiren1222–1282 · East Asian Philosophy
- Nicholas of Cusa1401–1464 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Friedrich Nietzsche1844–1900 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Nishida Kitarō1870–1945 · East Asian Philosophy
- Nishitani Keiji1900–1990 · East Asian Philosophy
- Kwame Nkrumah1909–1972 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Nel Noddings1929–2022 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Novalis1772–1801 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Robert Nozick1938–2002 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Martha Nussbaumb. 1947 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Julius Nyerere1922–1999 · African & Africana Philosophy
O
- Dositej Obradovićc. 1739–1811 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Ogyū Sorai1666–1728 · East Asian Philosophy
- Sophie Oluwole1935–2018 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Onora O’Neillb. 1941 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Origenc. 185–253 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Henry Odera Oruka1944–1995 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Maria Ossowska1896–1974 · Analytic Philosophy
- Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmíb. c. 1957 · African & Africana Philosophy
P
- Vilfredo Pareto1848–1923 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Derek Parfit1942–2017 · Analytic Philosophy
- Parmenidesc. 515–450 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Talcott Parsons1902–1979 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Blaise Pascal1623–1662 · Rationalism
- Patanjalic. 325–400 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Carole Patemanb. 1940 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Jan Patočka1907–1977 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Okot p’Bitek1931–1982 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Giuseppe Peano1858–1932 · Analytic Philosophy
- Charles Sanders Peirce1839–1914 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Chaïm Perelman1912–1984 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Gajo Petrović1927–1993 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Philo of Alexandriac. 20 BCE – 50 CE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- John Philoponusc. 490–570 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Jyotirao Phule1827–1890 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Jean Piaget1896–1980 · Science & Human Sciences
- U. T. Place1924–2000 · Analytic Philosophy
- Plato428–348 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Georgi Plekhanov1856–1918 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- George Gemistos Plethonc. 1355–1452 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Plotinus204–270 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Karl Polanyi1886–1964 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Michael Polanyi1891–1976 · Science & Human Sciences
- Pietro Pomponazzi1462–1525 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Karl Popper1902–1994 · Analytic Philosophy
- Marguerite Poretec. 1250–1310 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Porphyryc. 234–305 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Nicos Poulantzas1936–1979 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Proclus412–485 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Protagorasc. 490–420 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon1809–1865 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagitec. 480–530 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Ptahhoteptraditionally c. 2450–2375 BCE · African & Africana Philosophy
- Hilary Putnam1926–2016 · Analytic Philosophy
- Pyrrho of Elisc. 360–270 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Pythagorastraditionally c. 570–495 BCE · Ancient Greek
Q
- Aníbal Quijano1928–2018 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- W. V. O. Quine1908–2000 · Analytic Philosophy
R
- Rabia al-Adawiyyatraditionally c. 714–801 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan1888–1975 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Fazlur Rahman1919–1988 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Ramanujac. 1077–1157 · traditionally 1017–1137 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Mogobe Ramoseb. c. 1948 · African & Africana Philosophy
- John Rawls1921–2002 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Abu Bakr al-Razic. 865–925 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razic. 1150–1210 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Andreas Reckwitzb. 1970 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Paul Rée1849–1901 · Science & Human Sciences
- Tom Regan1938–2017 · Analytic Philosophy
- Hans Reichenbach1891–1953 · Analytic Philosophy
- Thomas Reid1710–1796 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Fausto Reinaga1906–1994 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Heinrich Rickert1863–1936 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Paul Ricœur1913–2005 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Walter Rodney1942–1980 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Richard Rorty1931–2007 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Hartmut Rosab. 1965 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Antonio Rosmini1797–1855 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Alf Ross1899–1979 · Analytic Philosophy
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Bertrand Russell1872–1970 · Analytic Philosophy
- Gilbert Ryle1900–1976 · Analytic Philosophy
S
- Saadia Gaon882–942 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Hadi Sabzawari1797–1873 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Edward Said1935–2003 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Henri de Saint-Simon1760–1825 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Francisco Sanches1551–1623 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Michael Sandelb. 1953 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Muhammad al-Sanusic. 1428–1490 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Jean-Paul Sartre1905–1980 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Saskia Sassenb. 1947 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Ferdinand de Saussure1857–1913 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Max Scheler1874–1928 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling1775–1854 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Friedrich Schlegel1772–1829 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Friedrich Schleiermacher1768–1834 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Moritz Schlick1882–1936 · Analytic Philosophy
- Carl Schmitt1888–1985 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Gustav von Schmoller1838–1917 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Arthur Schopenhauer1788–1860 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Alfred Schutz1899–1959 · Sociology & Social Theory
- John Searle1932–2025 · Analytic Philosophy
- Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick1950–2009 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Wilfrid Sellars1912–1989 · Analytic Philosophy
- Amartya Senb. 1933 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Senecac. 4 BCE – 65 CE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Léopold Sédar Senghor1906–2001 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Sextus Empiricusc. 160–210 · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Shaftesbury1671–1713 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Shah Waliullah1703–1762 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- al-Shahrastanic. 1086–1153 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Shantarakshitac. 725–788 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Shantidevac. 685–763 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Ali Shariati1933–1977 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Mary Shepherd1777–1847 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Lev Shestov1866–1938 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Dara Shikoh1615–1659 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Shinran1173–1263 · East Asian Philosophy
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi1236–1311 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)c. 480–400 BCE · conventionally dated 563–483 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Henry Sidgwick1838–1900 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Siger of Brabantc. 1240–1284 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Georg Simmel1858–1918 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Leanne Betasamosake Simpsonb. 1971 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Peter Singerb. 1946 · Analytic Philosophy
- Ahmad Sirhindi1564–1624 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Hryhorii Skovoroda1722–1794 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Peter Sloterdijkb. 1947 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- J. J. C. Smart1920–2012 · Analytic Philosophy
- Adam Smith1723–1790 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Dorothy E. Smith1926–2022 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Linda Tuhiwai Smithb. 1950 · Indigenous Philosophies
- J. V. Snellman1806–1881 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Socrates470–399 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Vladimir Solovyov1853–1900 · Russian Religious Philosophy
- Werner Sombart1863–1941 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Abdolkarim Soroushb. 1945 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Herbert Spencer1820–1903 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Baruch de Spinoza1632–1677 · Rationalism
- Gayatri Chakravorty Spivakb. 1942 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- Amia Srinivasanb. 1984 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Jason Stanleyb. 1969 · Analytic Philosophy
- Susan Stebbing1885–1943 · Analytic Philosophy
- Edith Stein1891–1942 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Isabelle Stengersb. 1949 · Science & Human Sciences
- Max Stirner1806–1856 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- P. F. Strawson1919–2006 · Analytic Philosophy
- Francisco Suárez1548–1617 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Suhrawardi1154–1191 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Emanuel Swedenborg1688–1772 · Rationalism
T
- Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai1904–1981 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Sa’d al-Din al-Taftazani1322–1390 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Rabindranath Tagore1861–1941 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Rifa’a al-Tahtawi1801–1873 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Tanabe Hajime1885–1962 · East Asian Philosophy
- Tang Junyi1909–1978 · East Asian Philosophy
- Gabriel Tarde1843–1904 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Alfred Tarski1901–1983 · Analytic Philosophy
- Charles Taylorb. 1931 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Bernardino Telesio1509–1588 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Placide Tempels1906–1977 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Teresa of Ávila1515–1582 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Thales of Miletusc. 624–546 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o1938–2025 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Judith Jarvis Thomson1929–2020 · Analytic Philosophy
- Henry David Thoreau1817–1862 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti1556–1627 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Alexis de Tocqueville1805–1859 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Tzvetan Todorov1939–2017 · Structuralism & Poststructuralism
- John Toland1670–1722 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Leo Tolstoy1828–1910 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Ferdinand Tönnies1855–1936 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Marcien Towa1931–2014 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg1802–1872 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Ernst Troeltsch1865–1923 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Tsongkhapa1357–1419 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Tu Weimingb. 1940 · East Asian Philosophy
- Alan Turing1912–1954 · Science & Human Sciences
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi1201–1274 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Kazimierz Twardowski1866–1938 · Analytic Philosophy
U
- Udayanac. 950–1020 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Uddalaka Arunitraditionally c. 830–760 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Jakob von Uexküll1864–1944 · Science & Human Sciences
- Miguel de Unamuno1864–1936 · Life & Existential Philosophy
V
- Lorenzo Vallac. 1407–1457 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Shannon Vallorcontemporary · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- José Vasconcelos1882–1959 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Vasubandhuc. 350–430 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Gianni Vattimo1936–2023 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics
- Giambattista Vico1668–1744 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Francisco de Vitoriac. 1483–1546 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Swami Vivekananda1863–1902 · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Juan Luis Vives1493–1540 · Renaissance & Humanism
- Gerald Vizenorb. 1934 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Paulus Vladimiri (Paweł Włodkowic)c. 1370–1435 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Voltaire1694–1778 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Lev Vygotsky1896–1934 · Science & Human Sciences
W
- Amina Wadudb. 1952 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Wang Bi226–249 · East Asian Philosophy
- Wang Chongc. 27–100 · East Asian Philosophy
- Wang Fuzhi1619–1692 · East Asian Philosophy
- Wang Yangming1472–1529 · East Asian Philosophy
- Aby Warburg1866–1929 · Science & Human Sciences
- Anne Waterscontemporary · Indigenous Philosophies
- Watsuji Tetsurō1889–1960 · East Asian Philosophy
- Marianne Weber1870–1954 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Max Weber1864–1920 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Simone Weil1909–1943 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
- Ida B. Wells1862–1931 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Edvard Westermarck1862–1939 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Hayden White1928–2018 · Science & Human Sciences
- Alfred North Whitehead1861–1947 · Pragmatism & US Philosophy
- Kyle Powys Whytecontemporary · Indigenous Philosophies
- William of Ockhamc. 1287–1347 · Medieval & Scholastic
- Bernard Williams1929–2003 · Analytic Philosophy
- Raymond Williams1921–1988 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Wilhelm Windelband1848–1915 · German Idealism & Its Heirs
- Kwasi Wiredu1931–2022 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Ludwig Wittgenstein1889–1951 · Analytic Philosophy
- Christian Wolff1679–1754 · Rationalism
- Mary Wollstonecraft1759–1797 · Empiricism, Enlightenment & Liberalism
- Wonhyo617–686 · East Asian Philosophy
- Georg Henrik von Wright1916–2003 · Analytic Philosophy
- Wilhelm Wundt1832–1920 · Science & Human Sciences
- Sylvia Wynterb. 1928 · African & Africana Philosophy
X
- Xenophanesc. 570–478 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Fei Xiaotong1910–2005 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Xiong Shili1885–1968 · East Asian Philosophy
- Xunzic. 310–235 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
Y
- Zera Yacobtraditionally 1599–1692 · African & Africana Philosophy
- Yajnavalkyatraditionally c. 800–720 BCE · South Asian & Tibetan Philosophy
- Yan Fu1854–1921 · East Asian Philosophy
- Yi Hwang1501–1570 · East Asian Philosophy
- Yi I (Yulgok)1536–1584 · East Asian Philosophy
- Iris Marion Young1949–2006 · Political Philosophy & Ethics (20th–21st c.)
Z
- María Zambrano1904–1991 · Life & Existential Philosophy
- Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd1943–2010 · Philosophy in the Islamic World
- Leopoldo Zea1912–2004 · Latin American & Caribbean Philosophy
- Zeno of Citiumc. 334–262 BCE · Hellenistic, Roman & Late Antique
- Zeno of Eleac. 490–430 BCE · Ancient Greek
- Zhang Zai1020–1077 · East Asian Philosophy
- Zhiyi538–597 · East Asian Philosophy
- Zhou Dunyi1017–1073 · East Asian Philosophy
- Zhu Xi1130–1200 · East Asian Philosophy
- Zhuangzic. 369–286 BCE · East Asian Philosophy
- Zitkala-Ša1876–1938 · Indigenous Philosophies
- Slavoj Žižekb. 1949 · Socialism, Anarchism, Marxism & Critical Theory
- Florian Znaniecki1882–1958 · Sociology & Social Theory
- Xavier Zubiri1898–1983 · Phenomenology & Hermeneutics