एडमुंड हुसल
इस बारे में मान्यताओं को परे रखिए कि संसार अस्तित्व रखता है या नहीं, और ठीक वर्णन कीजिए कि वस्तुएँ चेतना को कैसे प्रकट होती हैं – दर्शन को वहीं से आरंभ करना चाहिए।
पृष्ठभूमि
घटना-विज्ञान के संस्थापक: “स्वयं वस्तुओं की ओर!” संसार को कोष्ठक में रखना (एपोखे) चेतना की संरचनाओं को प्रकट करता है।
मुख्य विचार
- आशयात्मकता
- एपोखे
- जीवन-जगत
गुरु: विल्हेम वुण्ट, फ़्रांत्स ब्रेंटानो
शिष्य: तानाबे हाजिमे, मार्टिन हाइडेगर, काज़िमिएज़ आयदुकेविच, एडिथ श्टाइन, रोमन इंगार्देन, हर्बर्ट मार्कूज़े, हांस योनास, इमैनुएल लेविनास, यान पातोचका
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 10
गौतम बुद्ध
जिनसे प्रभावित
Husserl praised K. E. Neumann’s translation of the Buddha’s discourses in a short text of 1925; in the manuscript “Socrates – Buddha” (1926) he read the Buddha’s path as a transcendental turn akin to the phenomenological epoché. E. Husserl, “Über die Reden Gotamo Buddhos” (1925), Hua XXVII, pp. 125–126; “Sokrates – Buddha” (1926), ed. S. Luft, Husserl Studies 26 (2010)
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गौतम बुद्ध › लगभग 480–400 ईसा पूर्व · प्रचलित तिथि 563–483 ईसा पूर्व
ऑगस्टीन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Husserl opened his lectures on inner time-consciousness (1905; ed. Heidegger, 1928) with Augustine’s Confessions XI and closed the Cartesian Meditations (1931) with his ‘in te redi’. E. Husserl, Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewußtseins (ed. M. Heidegger, 1928); Méditations cartésiennes (1931); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
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ऑगस्टीन › 354–430
रने देकार्त
जिनसे प्रभावित
In the Cartesian Meditations (1931) Husserl radicalised Descartes’s way to the ego cogito into transcendental phenomenology, rejecting the ego as a thinking substance. E. Husserl, Méditations cartésiennes (1931); Cartesianische Meditationen (1950); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
रने देकार्त › 1596–1650
इमानुएल कांट
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Husserl took up Kant’s transcendental question (Ideas I, 1913) but faulted his constructions not drawn from intuition (‘Kant und die Idee der Transzendentalphilosophie’, 1924; Krisis, 1936). E. Husserl, Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie I (1913); “Kant und die Idee der Transzendentalphilosophie” (1924; publ. 1956); Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften (1936); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
बेरनार्ड बोल्त्सानो
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Husserl took from Bolzano’s Wissenschaftslehre (1837) the propositions and truths in themselves, ideal unities independent of thinking, for his critique of psychologism (Prolegomena, 1900). E. Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen I: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik (1900); B. Bolzano, Wissenschaftslehre (1837); SEP “Bernard Bolzano”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
बेरनार्ड बोल्त्सानो › 1781–1848
फ़्रांत्स ब्रेंटानो जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा ✓
After his doctorate in mathematics, Husserl attended Brentano’s lectures in Vienna from 1884 to 1886, which decided him for philosophy; Brentano recommended him to his pupil Carl Stumpf in Halle, where Husserl habilitated (1887). SEP “Edmund Husserl”; E. Husserl, “Erinnerungen an Franz Brentano”, in O. Kraus, Franz Brentano (1919)
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फ़्रांत्स ब्रेंटानो › 1838–1917
सभी दिखाएँ (10)कम दिखाएँ
रुदाल्फ हरमन लात्से
जिनसे प्रभावित
Husserl took up Lotze’s early opposition to psychologism and his separation of validity from mental acts. SEP “Hermann Lotze” (D. Sullivan), §§4.2–4.3
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रुदाल्फ हरमन लात्से › 1817–1881
टोमास गैरिग मसारिक
जिनसे प्रभावित
Masaryk, whom Husserl met in Leipzig (1876), advised him to study with Brentano in Vienna (1884–86) and influenced his turn to Christianity (baptism 1886). K. Schuhmann, Husserl-Chronik (1977); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
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टोमास गैरिग मसारिक › 1850–1937
क्रिस्टियन फ़ॉन एहरेनफ़ेल्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891) Husserl related his ‘figural moments’, the unitary character of sensory groups, to Ehrenfels’s Gestalt qualities, published the year before (1890). E. Husserl, Philosophie der Arithmetik (1891); C. von Ehrenfels, “Über Gestaltqualitäten”, Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie 14 (1890); SEP “Christian von Ehrenfels”
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क्रिस्टियन फ़ॉन एहरेनफ़ेल्स › 1859–1932
काज़िमिएज़ ट्वार्दोव्स्की
जिनसे प्रभावित
Husserl answered Twardowski’s distinction of content and object (1894) in the manuscript ‘Intentionale Gegenstände’ (1894; publ. 1979), rejecting immanent objects, a step toward the Logical Investigations (1900–01). K. Twardowski, Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen (1894); E. Husserl, “Intentionale Gegenstände” (1894; publ. 1979); SEP “Kazimierz Twardowski”
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काज़िमिएज़ ट्वार्दोव्स्की › 1866–1938
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 27
रुडोल्फ कार्नैप
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Carnap grounded intuitive space on Husserl’s eidetic intuition (Wesensschau) in his dissertation (Der Raum, 1922) and attended Husserl’s seminars in Freiburg (1924–25). R. Carnap, Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre (1922); SEP “Rudolf Carnap”
रुडोल्फ कार्नैप › 1891–1970
हंस-गेऑर्ग गादामर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Gadamer took over Husserl’s concepts of horizon and lifeworld, grounding understanding in a world always already shared rather than in a constituting consciousness (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); E. Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften (1936; 1954); SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
हंस-गेऑर्ग गादामर › 1900–2002
ज्यां-पाल सार्त्र
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
After studying Husserl in Berlin (1933–34), Sartre adopted intentionality but rejected the transcendental ego as superfluous in The Transcendence of the Ego (1936–37). J.-P. Sartre, La Transcendance de l’Ego (1936–37); “Une idée fondamentale de la phénoménologie de Husserl: l’intentionnalité” (1939); SEP “Jean-Paul Sartre”
ज्यां-पाल सार्त्र › 1905–1980
इमैनुएल लेविनास जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
Levinas spent 1928–29 in Freiburg to study with Husserl, wrote the first French book on his phenomenology (La théorie de l’intuition dans la phénoménologie de Husserl, 1930) and co-translated the Cartesian Meditations (1931). SEP “Emmanuel Levinas”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
इमैनुएल लेविनास › 1906–1995
सिमोन द बोव्वार
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
S. Heinämaa reads The Second Sex (1949) as a phenomenological work in Husserl’s sense, describing woman’s lived body and experience rather than explaining them causally. S. Heinämaa, Toward a Phenomenology of Sexual Difference: Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Beauvoir (2003); S. de Beauvoir, Le Deuxième Sexe (1949)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
सिमोन द बोव्वार › 1908–1986
मोरिस मर्लो-पोंती
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Merleau-Ponty took up Husserl’s themes of lifeworld and lived body, studied in the Louvain archives (1939), and concluded that the reduction is never complete (Phenomenology of Perception, 1945). M. Merleau-Ponty, Phénoménologie de la perception (1945), preface; “Le philosophe et son ombre” (1959), in Signes (1960); H. L. Van Breda, “Merleau-Ponty et les Archives-Husserl à Louvain” (1962); SEP “Maurice Merleau-Ponty”
मोरिस मर्लो-पोंती › 1908–1961
सभी दिखाएँ (27)कम दिखाएँ
मैक्स शेलर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Scheler, who met Husserl in 1901, applied the phenomenological intuition of essences to values in a material ethics of value (Der Formalismus in der Ethik, 1913–16). M. Scheler, Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik (1913–16), in Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung; SEP “Max Scheler”
मैक्स शेलर › 1874–1928
ख़ोसे ओर्तेगा इ गासेत
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Ortega took up Husserl’s phenomenology in 1913 (‘On the Concept of Sensation’) but soon moved beyond it to a philosophy of life (Meditations on Quixote, 1914). J. Ortega y Gasset, “Sobre el concepto de sensación” (1913); Meditaciones del Quijote (1914); SEP “José Ortega y Gasset”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
ख़ोसे ओर्तेगा इ गासेत › 1883–1955
तानाबे हाजिमे जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
Tanabe studied with Husserl in Freiburg in 1922–23, after a stay with Riehl in Berlin; there he also met the young Heidegger and Oskar Becker. SEP “The Kyoto School” (B. W. Davis); J. W. Heisig, Philosophers of Nothingness (2001)
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तानाबे हाजिमे › 1885–1962
काज़िमिएज़ आयदुकेविच जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
After his doctorate Ajdukiewicz spent the academic year 1913/14 in Göttingen, attending Husserl’s lectures in philosophy (and Hilbert’s in mathematics); a short period of study, not a lasting teaching relation. Archiwum PAN, inventory III-141 (Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz); Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, biographical sketch of K. Ajdukiewicz
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काज़िमिएज़ आयदुकेविच › 1890–1963
एडिथ श्टाइन जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Stein studied with Husserl in Göttingen from 1913, took her doctorate under him in Freiburg in 1916 with a thesis on empathy and was his first paid assistant from October 1916 to February 1918, transcribing and editing his manuscripts. SEP “Edith Stein”
एडिथ श्टाइन › 1891–1942
हर्बर्ट मार्कूज़े जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
In his second period in Freiburg (1928–32) Marcuse studied with Husserl as well as with Heidegger, though Heidegger was his main teacher; he had already taken his doctorate there in 1922, in German literature. SEP “Herbert Marcuse”; D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984)
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हर्बर्ट मार्कूज़े › 1898–1979
शावियर सुबीरी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Zubiri’s dissertation, Ensayo de una teoría fenomenológica del juicio (1923), developed Husserl’s theory of judgement; he later heard Husserl in Freiburg (1928–30). X. Zubiri, Ensayo de una teoría fenomenológica del juicio (1923); Sobre la esencia (1962)
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शावियर सुबीरी › 1898–1983
आल्फ्रेड शुट्ज़
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Schutz used Husserl’s constitutive phenomenology to clarify Weber’s ‘subjective meaning’, describing how meaning is built up in consciousness and how we understand others; Husserl admired the book (1932). A. Schütz, Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt (1932); SEP “Alfred Schutz”; SEP “Edmund Husserl”
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आल्फ्रेड शुट्ज़ › 1899–1959
ख़ोसे गाओस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Gaos took his doctorate on Husserl’s critique of psychologism and translated the Logical Investigations with Manuel García Morente (Investigaciones lógicas, 1929). E. Husserl, Investigaciones lógicas, trans. M. García Morente and J. Gaos (1929); J. Gaos, La crítica del psicologismo en Husserl (doctoral thesis)
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ख़ोसे गाओस › 1900–1969
गिल्बर्ट राइल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Ryle studied Husserl’s Logical Investigations in the 1920s, lectured on Brentano, Meinong and Husserl, and read phenomenology as a form of conceptual analysis (‘Phenomenology’, 1932). G. Ryle, “Phenomenology”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, suppl. vol. 11 (1932); “Autobiographical”, in O. P. Wood and G. Pitcher (eds.), Ryle (1970); SEP “Gilbert Ryle”
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गिल्बर्ट राइल › 1900–1976
हांस योनास जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Jonas began his studies in Freiburg in 1921, where he attended Husserl’s seminars and met the young Heidegger; a short period before his years with Heidegger in Marburg. H. Jonas, Erinnerungen (2003)
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हांस योनास › 1903–1993
कुर्ट गेडेल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Gödel studied Husserl from 1959 and proposed phenomenology as a method for clarifying the meaning of mathematical concepts and intuition (draft, 1961; publ. 1995). K. Gödel, “The Modern Development of the Foundations of Mathematics in the Light of Philosophy” (1961), in Collected Works III (1995); SEP “Kurt Gödel”
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कुर्ट गेडेल › 1906–1978
यान पातोचका जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Patočka met Husserl at his Paris lectures in 1929 and studied with him in Freiburg in 1933. E. Kohák, Jan Patočka: Philosophy and Selected Writings (1989), introduction
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यान पातोचका › 1907–1977
पॉल रिक्यूर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
As a prisoner of war Ricœur translated Husserl’s Ideas I (publ. 1950) and set out his philosophy as a phenomenology of the will (Le volontaire et l’involontaire, 1950). E. Husserl, Idées directrices pour une phénoménologie, trans. P. Ricœur (1950); P. Ricœur, Philosophie de la volonté I: Le volontaire et l’involontaire (1950); SEP “Paul Ricoeur”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
पॉल रिक्यूर › 1913–2005
हैरोल्ड गारफ़िंकल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Garfinkel drew on Husserl’s natural attitude, also via Schutz and Gurwitsch, to ask how members produce the taken-for-granted order of everyday life (Studies in Ethnomethodology, 1967). H. Garfinkel, Studies in Ethnomethodology (1967); The Perception of the Other (diss., Harvard, 1952); J. Heritage, Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology (1984); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
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हैरोल्ड गारफ़िंकल › 1917–2011
थॉमस लकमान
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Luckmann continued Husserl’s analysis of the life-world in completing Schutz’s Structures of the Life-World (1975, 1984) and treated phenomenology as a ‘protosociology’ underlying social science. A. Schütz and T. Luckmann, Strukturen der Lebenswelt (1975, 1984); T. Luckmann, “Philosophie, Sozialwissenschaft und Alltagsleben” (1973); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
थॉमस लकमान › 1927–2016
निकलास लूमन
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Luhmann took Husserl’s analysis of meaning, an actual given against a horizon of possibilities, as the basic concept of his systems theory (‘Sinn als Grundbegriff der Soziologie’, 1971). N. Luhmann, “Sinn als Grundbegriff der Soziologie”, in J. Habermas and N. Luhmann, Theorie der Gesellschaft oder Sozialtechnologie (1971); Soziale Systeme (1984); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
निकलास लूमन › 1927–1998
जितेन्द्रनाथ महान्ति
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Mohanty defended Husserl’s theory of meaning – meanings as ideal entities intended by consciousness, not psychological events – in Edmund Husserl’s Theory of Meaning (1964). J. N. Mohanty, Edmund Husserl’s Theory of Meaning (1964); The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl (2008)
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जितेन्द्रनाथ महान्ति › 1928–2023
हसन हनाफ़ी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Hanafi read Husserl in Paris and in his thesis (1966) applied phenomenology to Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh), reading it as a method of understanding grounded in consciousness. H. Hanafi, Les Méthodes d’exégèse: essai sur la science des fondements de la compréhension, ilm usul al-fiqh (thesis, Paris, 1966); L’Exégèse de la phénoménologie
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हसन हनाफ़ी › 1935–2021
पॉलिन हौंतोंजी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Hountondji, whose doctorate treated Husserl’s idea of science (1970), drew on it in demanding that philosophy be explicit critical enquiry, not a collective worldview (1976). P. J. Hountondji, Sur la « philosophie africaine » (1976); The Struggle for Meaning: Reflections on Philosophy, Culture, and Democracy in Africa (1997; Eng. 2002)
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पॉलिन हौंतोंजी › 1942–2024
लुईस आर. गॉर्डन
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Gordon’s Fanon and the Crisis of European Man (1995) takes up Husserl’s diagnosis of a crisis of the European sciences and of European humanity and reads Fanon as a philosopher of the human sciences who exposes that crisis from the standpoint of the colonised. L. R. Gordon, Fanon and the Crisis of European Man: An Essay on Philosophy and the Human Sciences (1995); E. Husserl, Vienna lecture (1935) and Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften (1936)
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लुईस आर. गॉर्डन › जन्म 1962
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 6
गॉटलोब फ़्रेगे जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित विवादित ✓
Husserl discussed Frege’s Grundlagen in Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891); whether Frege’s critical review (1894) prompted his turn against psychologism in the Logical Investigations (1900–01) is disputed. G. Frege, review of E. Husserl, Philosophie der Arithmetik, Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik 103 (1894); D. Føllesdal, Husserl und Frege (1958); J. N. Mohanty, Husserl and Frege (1982); SEP “Edmund Husserl”
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In his 1894 review of Husserl’s Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891) Frege charged it with psychologism, confusing subjective presentations with objective concepts and numbers. G. Frege, review of E. Husserl, Philosophie der Arithmetik I, Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik 103 (1894), 313–332
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गॉटलोब फ़्रेगे › 1848–1925
लेव शेस्तोव
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In ‘Memento mori’ (1917), Shestov attacked Husserl’s ideal of philosophy as rigorous science, objecting that his self-evident truths of reason silence the questions of human existence. L. Shestov, “Memento mori” (1917), in Potestas clavium (1923); “In Memory of a Great Philosopher: Edmund Husserl” (1938)
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लेव शेस्तोव › 1866–1938
मार्टिन हाइडेगर जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Heidegger had habilitated under Rickert, but after Husserl came to Freiburg in 1916 he worked closely with him and was his assistant from 1919 to 1923, holding seminars with him; Husserl backed his call to Marburg and his succession to the Freiburg chair (1928). SEP “Martin Heidegger”; T. Kisiel, The Genesis of Heidegger’s Being and Time (1993)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Heidegger objected that Husserl never asks about the being of the intentional, of consciousness itself, and turned to Dasein instead (Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs, 1925, §§ 10–13). M. Heidegger, Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs (lectures 1925; GA 20), §§ 10–13; SEP “Martin Heidegger”
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मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
रोमन इंगार्देन जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
With Twardowski’s support Ingarden went to Göttingen in 1912 to study with Husserl, followed him to Freiburg and took his doctorate there in 1918, with Husserl as director, on intuition and intellect in Bergson. SEP “Roman Ingarden”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Ingarden rejected the transcendental idealism of Husserl’s Ideas I (1913) and defended the independent existence of the real world (Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt, 1947–48). R. Ingarden, Spór o istnienie świata (1947–48; German: Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt, 1964–65); SEP “Roman Ingarden”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
रोमन इंगार्देन › 1893–1970
थियोडोर डब्ल्यू. एडोर्नो
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie (1956) Adorno read Husserl’s phenomenology as a last attempt at first philosophy, whose search for an absolute origin ends in idealism. T. W. Adorno, Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie. Studien über Husserl und die phänomenologischen Antinomien (1956), Introduction
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
थियोडोर डब्ल्यू. एडोर्नो › 1903–1969
जाक देरिदा जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Derrida began with Husserl: a thesis on genesis in his philosophy (1953–54; publ. 1990) and a translation with long introduction of The Origin of Geometry (1962). J. Derrida, Le problème de la genèse dans la philosophie de Husserl (written 1953–54; publ. 1990); E. Husserl, L’origine de la géométrie, trans. and intro. J. Derrida (1962); SEP “Jacques Derrida”
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In Voice and Phenomenon (1967) Derrida argued that Husserl’s theory of meaning rests on a metaphysics of presence, privileging the voice and the living present over the sign. J. Derrida, La voix et le phénomène (1967); Introduction to E. Husserl, L’origine de la géométrie (1962); SEP “Jacques Derrida”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जाक देरिदा › 1930–2004
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
जॉन स्टुअर्ट मिल
जिनकी आलोचना की
In the Prolegomena to the Logical Investigations (1900) Husserl rejected Mill’s psychologism, which treats the laws of logic, including non-contradiction, as empirical generalisations about thinking. E. Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen I: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik (1900), chs. 3–5; SEP “Psychologism”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन स्टुअर्ट मिल › 1806–1873
विल्हेम वुण्ट जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा ✓
Husserl heard Wundt among his philosophy teachers in Leipzig in 1876–78. SEP “Edmund Husserl” (D. Zahavi), §1
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनकी आलोचना की
In the Logical Investigations Husserl charged Wundt’s logic with an extreme psychologism. SEP “Wilhelm Wundt” (A. Kim), §7.2 (Husserl 1901)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
विल्हेम वुण्ट › 1832–1920
विल्हेल्म डिल्थाई
जिनकी आलोचना की
Husserl’s ‘Philosophy as Rigorous Science’ (1911) attacked historicism and worldview philosophy as leading to sceptical relativism; Dilthey felt targeted, and the two exchanged letters. E. Husserl, “Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft”, Logos 1 (1911); Dilthey–Husserl correspondence, June–July 1911; SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
विल्हेल्म डिल्थाई › 1833–1911
कृतियाँ
- 1900तार्किक अन्वेषण
मनोविज्ञानवाद के विरुद्ध – घटना-विज्ञान की सफलता।
घटनात्मक न्यूनीकरण और विशुद्ध चेतना।
देकार्त के मार्ग का मूलगामीकरण – दूसरों के अनुभव की समस्या सहित।
गैलीलियो के बाद से प्रकृति के गणितीकरण ने जीवन-जगत को भुला दिया है।
मत
Husserl founded phenomenology as a rigorous science of experience: “back to the things themselves”. Instead of speculating about what lies behind appearances, philosophy should describe how things show themselves to consciousness. To do so, he practised the epoché – suspending our natural belief in the existence of the world – in order to study the intentional acts through which meaning is constituted. Against psychologism he defended logic’s independence of empirical psychology. In his late work he described the lifeworld, the pre-scientific world of everyday experience that the mathematised sciences have forgotten. Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas and many others started from his method.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Born in Moravia, Husserl first studied mathematics before Brentano’s lectures in Vienna won him for philosophy. He taught in Halle, Göttingen and from 1916 in Freiburg, where Heidegger succeeded him. Under the Nazis, as a convert of Jewish origin, he was excluded from university life. After his death his vast manuscripts were rescued to Leuven in Belgium.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Logical Investigations (1900–1901)
- Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology (1913)
- Cartesian Meditations (1931)
- The Crisis of European Sciences (1936)
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