हर्बर्ट मार्कूज़े
उपभोक्ता समाज लोगों को संतुष्ट और अनुरूप बनाए रखता है, विरोध के हर रूप को आत्मसात करते हुए – इसलिए वास्तविक स्वतंत्रता के लिए पूरी प्रणाली को ठुकराना होगा।
पृष्ठभूमि
वन-डायमेंशनल मैन: उपभोक्ता समाज सारे प्रतिरोध को सोख लेता है।
मुख्य विचार
- एक-आयामिता
- दमनकारी सहिष्णुता
- महान अस्वीकार
गुरु: एडमुंड हुसल, मार्टिन हाइडेगर
शिष्य: एंजेला डेविस
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 4
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल
जिनसे प्रभावित
Marcuse interpreted Hegel’s ontology of life (Hegels Ontologie, 1932) and in Reason and Revolution (1941) defended Hegel’s dialectic as critical thought against positivism and fascist readings. H. Marcuse, Hegels Ontologie und die Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit (1932); Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory (1941); SEP “Herbert Marcuse”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल › 1770–1831
कार्ल मार्क्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Marcuse reviewed the newly printed Paris Manuscripts in 1932, reading them as a philosophical foundation of historical materialism centred on labour and alienation. H. Marcuse, “Neue Quellen zur Grundlegung des Historischen Materialismus”, Die Gesellschaft 9 (1932); K. Marx, Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte (written 1844, printed 1932)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Eros and Civilization (1955) Marcuse historicised Freud’s reality principle as the ‘performance principle’ of capitalist society and distinguished necessary from ‘surplus repression’. H. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (1955); SEP “Herbert Marcuse”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड › 1856–1939
एडमुंड हुसल जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
In his second period in Freiburg (1928–32) Marcuse studied with Husserl as well as with Heidegger, though Heidegger was his main teacher; he had already taken his doctorate there in 1922, in German literature. SEP “Herbert Marcuse”; D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एडमुंड हुसल › 1859–1938
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
एंजेला डेविस जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Davis attended Marcuse’s lectures at Brandeis as an undergraduate (BA 1965) and, after her Frankfurt years, followed him to the University of California, San Diego, to work towards a doctorate under him (MA 1968). A. Davis, An Autobiography (1974)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
एंजेला डेविस › जन्म 1944
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 2
मार्टिन हाइडेगर जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Impressed by Being and Time, Marcuse returned to Freiburg in 1928 to study with Heidegger and wrote Hegels Ontologie und die Grundlegung einer Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit (1932) as a Habilitation thesis, which did not lead to a Habilitation; in 1933 he joined Horkheimer’s Institute. SEP “Herbert Marcuse”; D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
जिनकी आलोचना की
Marcuse asked Heidegger in 1947 to disavow National Socialism, and later called the concreteness of Being and Time ‘to a great extent a phony, a false concreteness’ (1977). H. Marcuse to M. Heidegger, 28 Aug. 1947, and Heidegger’s reply, 20 Jan. 1948; F. Olafson, “Heidegger’s Politics: An Interview with Herbert Marcuse”, Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 6 (1977)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
एरिक फ़्रॉम
जिनकी आलोचना की
In the epilogue to Eros and Civilization (1955) Marcuse attacked Fromm’s neo-Freudian revisionism for dropping drive theory and turning psychoanalysis into an idealist ethics of adjustment. H. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization (1955), Epilogue “Critique of Neo-Freudian Revisionism”; Fromm’s reply and the ensuing exchange in Dissent (1955–56)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एरिक फ़्रॉम › 1900–1980
कृतियाँ
- 1955इरोस और सभ्यता
एक दमन-रहित सभ्यता की कल्पना की जा सकती है।
- 1964वन-डायमेंशनल मैन
झूठी आवश्यकताएँ और संपूर्ण प्रशासन।
मत
Marcuse combined Marx and Freud to analyse advanced industrial society. In Eros and Civilization he argued that civilisation demands more repression than is necessary – a “surplus repression” serving domination – and that a non-repressive culture is conceivable. One-Dimensional Man described a society that integrates all opposition by satisfying “false needs” through consumption and administration, so that people no longer imagine alternatives. Even tolerance can become repressive when it neutralises critique. Hope lies in the “great refusal” of those outside the system. His books made him one of the most widely read authors of the 1968 movement.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Marcuse, from a Berlin Jewish family, studied with Heidegger in Freiburg before joining the Institute for Social Research. He emigrated to the United States in 1934, worked for the US government during the war and later taught at Brandeis and the University of California in San Diego. In the 1960s he became a leading intellectual of the New Left and the student movement.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Reason and Revolution (1941)
- Eros and Civilization (1955)
- One-Dimensional Man (1964)
- Repressive Tolerance (1965)
- An Essay on Liberation (1969)
इनमें आता है
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