विल्हेम वुण्ट
वुण्ट का मत था कि चेतना का शरीर-विज्ञान की पद्धतियों से प्रायोगिक अध्ययन किया जा सकता है, जबकि सामुदायिक जीवन की उच्चतर उपजों – भाषा, मिथक और रीति – को अपनी ऐतिहासिक पद्धति चाहिए।
पृष्ठभूमि
लाइपज़िग में प्रायोगिक मनोविज्ञान के संस्थापक: उनकी 1879 की प्रयोगशाला को आमतौर पर मनोविज्ञान की पहली माना जाता है, और Völkerpsychologie में उन्होंने भाषा, मिथक और रीति का अध्ययन किया; हुसल ने उन्हें सुना, दुरकेम उनसे मिलने गए, और दोनों ने उनकी आलोचना की।
मुख्य विचार
- चेतना का प्रायोगिक मनोविज्ञान
- Völkerpsychologie: भाषा, मिथक और रीति सामुदायिक जीवन की उपज के रूप में
शिष्य: एडमुंड हुसल
प्रभाव
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
जॉर्ज हर्बर्ट मीड
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
During his study in Germany (1888–91) Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research and took over his account of the gesture. SEP “George Herbert Mead” (M. Aboulafia, S. Taylor), §1 and §2
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जॉर्ज हर्बर्ट मीड › 1863–1931
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 2
एमिल दुरकेम जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
During his study year in Germany (1885–86) Durkheim visited Wundt in Leipzig and took the project of an empirical science of morals from the German tradition he found there. Durkheim, “La science positive de la morale en Allemagne”, Revue philosophique 24 (1887), Wundt section; secondary reports on the study year (Berlin, Marburg, Leipzig)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In his 1887 survey Durkheim criticised the position Wundt takes in the Ethik. Durkheim 1887 (Wundt section, Gallica scan of the Revue philosophique, seen in part); R. T. Hall (tr.), Durkheim, Ethics and the Sociology of Morals (1993)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एमिल दुरकेम › 1858–1917
एडमुंड हुसल जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Husserl heard Wundt among his philosophy teachers in Leipzig in 1876–78. SEP “Edmund Husserl” (D. Zahavi), §1
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In the Logical Investigations Husserl charged Wundt’s logic with an extreme psychologism. SEP “Wilhelm Wundt” (A. Kim), §7.2 (Husserl 1901)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एडमुंड हुसल › 1859–1938
कृतियाँ
शरीर-विज्ञान पर आधारित चेतना के प्रायोगिक मनोविज्ञान का कार्यक्रम; यह 1873–74 में प्रकाशित हुआ, वुण्ट के लाइपज़िग बुलाए जाने से कुछ पहले।
दस खंडों की कृति (1900–20) लोगों के सामूहिक मानसिक जीवन पर, जैसा वह भाषा, मिथक और रीति में प्रकट होता है; वुण्ट ने इसे प्रायोगिक पद्धति की पूरक पद्धति के रूप में रचा।
मत
Wundt is on the map as the founder of experimental psychology. In the Principles of Physiological Psychology (1873–74) he set out a psychology of immediate conscious experience that uses experimental methods and self-observation; consciousness is for him an active process, apperception an act of will (voluntarism), and psychic and physical explanations are irreducible perspectives on one experience. In the ten-volume Völkerpsychologie (1900–20) he studied language, myth and custom as products of communal life with a method complementary to the experimental one. He also wrote on logic, ethics and a System of Philosophy (1889). Husserl studied with him in Leipzig and in the Logical Investigations (1901) charged his logic with an extreme psychologism; Durkheim visited Leipzig during his study year of 1885–86 and criticised the position of Wundt’s Ethics in his survey of 1887, while taking over from the German tradition the project of an empirical science of morals; Mead immersed himself in Wundt’s research during his studies in Germany (1888–91) and took over his account of the gesture. For pragmatism, phenomenology and neo-Kantianism, Wundt’s influence was largely one of opposition.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Wilhelm Wundt was born on 16 August 1832 in Neckarau near Mannheim. He studied medicine in Tübingen and Heidelberg, took his medical doctorate in Heidelberg in 1856 and was assistant to Hermann von Helmholtz from 1858 to 1865. In 1874 he took a chair of inductive philosophy in Zurich and in 1875 a chair of philosophy in Leipzig, where in 1879 his equipment room was recognised as a laboratory, usually counted as the first devoted to psychology. He supervised 186 doctoral dissertations. He died on 31 August 1920 in Großbothen near Leipzig.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Logic (Logik, 1880–83)
- Ethics (Ethik, 1886)
- System of Philosophy (System der Philosophie, 1889)
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