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彼得·辛格

1946年生

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

同等的苦难同等重要，无论感受它的是人还是动物——而如果我们能以很小的代价防止巨大的伤害，我们就必须这样做。

定位

分析哲学 · 大洋洲 · 伦理学

功利主义的实践伦理学：平等的利益应得到平等的考虑，无论是哪个物种——而富裕者应当为消除全球贫困做得多得多。

核心思想

  • 物种歧视
  • 有效利他主义
  • 利益平等考虑

老师: R. M. 黑尔

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 杰里米·边沁

    受其影响

    Singer made Bentham’s question ‘Can they suffer?’ and the maxim, ascribed to Bentham, that each counts for one the basis of equal consideration for animals (Animal Liberation, 1975). P. Singer, Animal Liberation (1975); J. Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789); SEP “Jeremy Bentham”; SEP “The Moral Status of Animals”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    杰里米·边沁 › 1748–1832

  • 约翰·斯图尔特·密尔

    受其影响

    Singer took up the classical utilitarianism of Bentham, Mill and Sidgwick, judging actions by their consequences for the interests of all affected (Practical Ethics, 1979). P. Singer, Practical Ethics (1979); J. S. Mill, Utilitarianism (1861/63); SEP “John Stuart Mill”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    约翰·斯图尔特·密尔 › 1806–1873

  • 亨利·西季威克

    受其影响

    With de Lazari-Radek, Singer defended Sidgwick’s utilitarianism, his ‘point of view of the universe’ and intuitionist method, and argued the dualism of practical reason can be resolved (2014). K. de Lazari-Radek and P. Singer, The Point of View of the Universe: Sidgwick and Contemporary Ethics (2014); SEP “Henry Sidgwick”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    亨利·西季威克 › 1838–1900

  • R. M. 黑尔 师从

    师从

    Singer’s Oxford BPhil thesis on civil disobedience (1971) was supervised by Hare and appeared as Democracy and Disobedience (1973); Singer’s later preference utilitarianism draws on Hare’s universal prescriptivism. P. Singer, “An Intellectual Autobiography”, in J. A. Schaler (ed.), Peter Singer Under Fire (2009); P. Singer, Democracy and Disobedience (1973)

    依据: AI 草稿

    R. M. 黑尔 › 1919–2002

影响了 1

  • 威廉·麦卡斯基尔

    影响了 ✓

    MacAskill took up Singer’s argument that the affluent should give much to prevent suffering (‘Famine, Affluence, and Morality’, 1972), adding evidence about effectiveness (Doing Good Better, 2015). W. MacAskill, Doing Good Better (2015); P. Singer, “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 1 (1972)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    威廉·麦卡斯基尔 › 1987年生

批评

受批评于 3

  • 汤姆·雷根

    受其批评

    Regan objected that Singer’s utilitarianism cannot secure animal rights: aggregating interests could justify harming individuals, treated as mere receptacles of value (The Case for Animal Rights, 1983). T. Regan, “Utilitarianism, Vegetarianism, and Animal Rights”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 9 (1980); The Case for Animal Rights (1983); P. Singer, “Utilitarianism and Vegetarianism”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 9 (1980)

    依据: AI 草稿

    汤姆·雷根 › 1938–2017

  • 玛莎·努斯鲍姆

    受其批评

    Nussbaum objected that Singer’s utilitarian approach to animals aggregates pleasures and pains and neglects the many-sided flourishing of each kind of creature (Frontiers of Justice, 2006, ch. 6). M. C. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice (2006), ch. 6; Justice for Animals (2023)

    依据: AI 草稿

    玛莎·努斯鲍姆 › 1947年生

  • 爱丽丝·克拉里

    受其批评

    Crary objected that Singer ranks beings by individual capacities, a ‘moral individualism’ that does justice neither to animals nor to people with severe cognitive disabilities (Inside Ethics, 2016). A. Crary, Inside Ethics: On the Demands of Moral Thought (2016)

    依据: AI 草稿

    爱丽丝·克拉里 › 1967年生

作品

  • 1972饥荒、富裕与道德

    池塘里溺水的孩子：我们对远方之人的义务，与对近处之人的一样多。

  • 1975动物解放

    与边沁一道：问题不在于“它们能推理吗？”，而在于“它们能受苦吗？”

  • 1979实践伦理学

    应用偏好功利主义：动物、贫困、生与死。

立场

Singer applies a utilitarian principle with unusual consistency: the equal interests of all beings capable of suffering deserve equal consideration. In “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” he argued that if we would wade into a pond to save a drowning child at the cost of muddy clothes, we are equally obliged to help distant people dying of poverty. In Animal Liberation he called the disregard of animal suffering “speciesism,” analogous to racism, and criticised factory farming and animal experiments. Practical Ethics applies these principles to abortion, euthanasia and disability, where his conclusions have provoked fierce protests, especially in Germany. His work inspired the animal rights movement and the effective altruism movement.

生平与背景

Singer was born in Melbourne in 1946 to Jewish parents who had fled Vienna; three of his grandparents were murdered in the Holocaust. He studied in Melbourne and at Oxford, where R. M. Hare taught him. After teaching at Monash University he became professor of bioethics at Princeton in 1999. He is among the most widely read and most controversial living philosophers.

其他主要作品

  • Famine, Affluence, and Morality (1972)
  • Animal Liberation (1975)
  • Practical Ethics (1979)
  • The Expanding Circle (1981)
  • The Life You Can Save (2009)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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