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威廉·麦卡斯基尔

1987年生

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

我们应当运用证据和理性，尽可能多地行善——而且由于未来可能生活的人远多于今天，保护长远的未来意义重大。

定位

分析哲学 · 北欧 · 伦理学

苏格兰道德哲学家，有效利他主义的共同创立者：运用证据和理性去做最大的善——而由于未来的人同样重要，保障长远的未来是一项关键的优先事项（“长期主义”）。

核心思想

  • 有效利他主义
  • 道德不确定性
  • 长期主义

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 德里克·帕菲特

    受其影响

    MacAskill built on Parfit’s population ethics, including the repugnant conclusion and the value of future generations, in his case for longtermism (What We Owe the Future, 2022). W. MacAskill, What We Owe the Future (2022); D. Parfit, Reasons and Persons (1984)

    依据: AI 草稿

    德里克·帕菲特 › 1942–2017

  • 彼得·辛格

    受其影响 ✓

    MacAskill took up Singer’s argument that the affluent should give much to prevent suffering (‘Famine, Affluence, and Morality’, 1972), adding evidence about effectiveness (Doing Good Better, 2015). W. MacAskill, Doing Good Better (2015); P. Singer, “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”, Philosophy & Public Affairs 1 (1972)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    彼得·辛格 › 1946年生

立场

MacAskill is a leading figure of effective altruism, the project of using evidence and careful reasoning to find the ways of helping others that do the most good, and of acting on them. “Doing Good Better” argues that charities differ enormously in impact, so that choosing well matters as much as giving at all, and asks how many people are helped and by how much, whether a cause is neglected and what would have happened otherwise. His academic work on moral uncertainty asks how we should act when we are unsure which moral theory is true; roughly, he argues, we should maximise expected “choiceworthiness” across the theories in which we have some confidence. “What We Owe the Future” defends longtermism: future people count morally as much as present ones, there may be vastly more of them, and we can affect their lives, so positively influencing the long-term future is a key moral priority of our time – above all by reducing the risk of extinction and of the permanent entrenchment of bad values. Critics, among them Amia Srinivasan and Alice Crary, object that effective altruism neglects structural and political change and relies too heavily on quantification, and that longtermism can divert attention from present injustice; the FTX affair also prompted debate about the movement’s culture and governance.

生平与背景

William MacAskill (born William Crouch in 1987 in Glasgow) studied philosophy at Cambridge and Oxford, where he took his doctorate on normative uncertainty in 2014; he and his then wife both adopted the surname MacAskill when they married in 2013. As a graduate student he co-founded Giving What We Can with Toby Ord in 2009, whose members pledge to give at least ten per cent of their income to effective charities, followed by 80,000 Hours and the Centre for Effective Altruism. He was associate professor of philosophy at Oxford from 2015 to 2024 and is now a senior research fellow at Forethought, which studies how to prepare for advanced AI. He had been close to the crypto entrepreneur Sam Bankman-Fried and advised his FTX Future Fund; when FTX collapsed in November 2022 the fund’s team, MacAskill included, resigned, and he said he had been deceived. Bankman-Fried was later convicted of fraud.

主要作品

  • Doing Good Better (2015)
  • Moral Uncertainty (with Krister Bykvist and Toby Ord, 2020)
  • What We Owe the Future (2022)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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