Agora思想的公共广场

玛莎·努斯鲍姆

1947年生

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

一个正义的社会确保每个人都真正能够做某些基本的事情、成为某些基本的样子——而情感是对什么重要的判断。

定位

政治哲学与伦理学（20—21世纪） · 北美 · 伦理学, 政治与法, 性别与女性主义

可行能力方法：正义关注的是人们实际上能够做什么、能够成为什么。

核心思想

  • 可行能力方法
  • 善的脆弱性
  • 情感即判断

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 7

  • 亚里士多德

    受其影响 ✓

    Nussbaum grounded her capabilities approach in Aristotle’s idea of human functioning (‘Nature, Function, and Capability’, 1988) and studied his ethics of fragile goods (The Fragility of Goodness, 1986). M. C. Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness (1986); “Nature, Function, and Capability: Aristotle on Political Distribution”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, suppl. vol. (1988)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    亚里士多德 › 公元前384—前322年

  • 基提翁的芝诺

    受其影响

    Nussbaum traced cosmopolitanism to the Stoics, citing Plutarch’s report of Zeno’s Republic, in which all humans are fellow citizens (‘Kant and Stoic Cosmopolitanism’, 1997). M. C. Nussbaum, “Kant and Stoic Cosmopolitanism”, Journal of Political Philosophy 5 (1997); The Cosmopolitan Tradition (2019); Plutarch, De Alexandri fortuna I

    依据: AI 草稿

    基提翁的芝诺 › 约公元前334—前262年年

  • 塞涅卡

    受其影响

    Nussbaum read Seneca’s De ira as Stoic therapy of the passions, treating emotions as judgements open to rational criticism (The Therapy of Desire, 1994). M. C. Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics (1994); Seneca, De ira

    依据: AI 草稿

    塞涅卡 › 约公元前4年—公元65年年

  • 艾丽丝·默多克

    受其影响

    Nussbaum took up Murdoch’s idea of moral attention as just and loving perception in arguing that novels can do moral philosophy (Love’s Knowledge, 1990). M. C. Nussbaum, Love’s Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature (1990); I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970)

    依据: AI 草稿

    艾丽丝·默多克 › 1919–1999

  • 马丁·路德·金

    受其影响

    Nussbaum read King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ as turning anger away from retribution towards a shared future, a model of non-retributive justice (Anger and Forgiveness, 2016). M. C. Nussbaum, Anger and Forgiveness: Resentment, Generosity, Justice (2016); M. L. King Jr., “I Have a Dream” (1963)

    依据: AI 草稿

    马丁·路德·金 › 1929–1968

  • 伯纳德·威廉斯

    受其影响

    Nussbaum took up Williams’s ‘moral luck’ and his doubts about systematic moral theory in her study of Greek tragedy and ethics (The Fragility of Goodness, 1986). M. C. Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness (1986); B. Williams, “Moral Luck”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, suppl. 50 (1976)

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    伯纳德·威廉斯 › 1929–2003

  • 阿马蒂亚·森

    受其影响 ✓

    Nussbaum took up Sen’s capability approach, which they developed together at WIDER in Helsinki (The Quality of Life, 1993), and gave it a list of central capabilities. M. C. Nussbaum and A. Sen (eds.), The Quality of Life (1993); M. C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development (2000)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    阿马蒂亚·森 › 1933年生

批评

批评了 3

  • 约翰·罗尔斯 受其影响

    受其影响

    Nussbaum adopted Rawls’s political liberalism, presenting her list of central capabilities as the possible object of an overlapping consensus (Women and Human Development, 2000). M. C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (2000); J. Rawls, Political Liberalism (1993)

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    批评了

    Nussbaum argued that Rawls’s social contract cannot do justice to people with disabilities, citizens of other nations or animals, and proposed capabilities instead (Frontiers of Justice, 2006). M. C. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (2006)

    依据: AI 草稿

    约翰·罗尔斯 › 1921–2002

  • 彼得·辛格

    批评了

    Nussbaum objected that Singer’s utilitarian approach to animals aggregates pleasures and pains and neglects the many-sided flourishing of each kind of creature (Frontiers of Justice, 2006, ch. 6). M. C. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice (2006), ch. 6; Justice for Animals (2023)

    依据: AI 草稿

    彼得·辛格 › 1946年生

  • 朱迪斯·巴特勒

    批评了

    Nussbaum objected that Butler’s obscure prose and politics of subversive parody turn feminism away from material injustice and political action (‘The Professor of Parody’, 1999). M. C. Nussbaum, “The Professor of Parody”, The New Republic, 22 February 1999

    依据: AI 草稿

    朱迪斯·巴特勒 › 1956年生

作品

立场

In The Fragility of Goodness Nussbaum argued, through Greek tragedy and philosophy, that a good human life is vulnerable to luck – and that this vulnerability belongs to its value. With Sen she developed the capability approach and gave it a concrete, Aristotelian content: a list of central capabilities, such as life, health, bodily integrity, practical reason and affiliation, that every just society must secure for all citizens up to a threshold. In Frontiers of Justice she argued that social contract theories fail to do justice to people with disabilities, citizens of other nations and animals. Her work on emotions treats them as intelligent judgments about what matters to us. Nussbaum combines classical scholarship with engaged political philosophy.

生平与背景

Nussbaum was born in New York in 1947, studied theatre and classics and took her doctorate at Harvard. She taught at Harvard and Brown and, in the 1980s, worked with Amartya Sen at a UN research institute in Helsinki. Since 1995 she has taught law and ethics at the University of Chicago. She has received numerous honours, including the Kyoto Prize and the Berggruen Prize.

其他主要作品

  • The Fragility of Goodness (1986)
  • Love’s Knowledge (1990)
  • Women and Human Development (2000)
  • Upheavals of Thought (2001)
  • Frontiers of Justice (2006)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

截至 2026年11月 · 来源 · 改进本页 · Agora 是如何制作的

在星图中打开