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艾丽丝·默多克

1919–1999

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

道德主要是注意的问题——公正而充满爱地看待他人，这会慢慢使我们摆脱自私的幻想。

定位

分析哲学 · 北欧 · 伦理学, 美学, 宗教

牛津的哲学家和小说家：道德是注意力的事——以公正而爱的目光看待实在，从而克服自我。

核心思想

  • 道德注意
  • 善的至上性（The Sovereignty of Good）
  • 去自我（unselfing）

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 柏拉图

    受其影响

    Murdoch took Plato’s Good, pictured as the sun, as the indefinable focus of moral attention (1970) and examined his distrust of art (The Fire and the Sun, 1977). I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970); The Fire and the Sun: Why Plato Banished the Artists (1977); SEP “Iris Murdoch”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年

  • 西蒙娜·韦伊

    受其影响

    Murdoch borrowed Weil’s word ‘attention’ for ‘a just and loving gaze directed upon an individual reality’, the core of moral life (The Sovereignty of Good, 1970). I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970); S. Weil, “Réflexions sur le bon usage des études scolaires” (1942), in Attente de Dieu (1950); SEP “Iris Murdoch”; SEP “Simone Weil”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    西蒙娜·韦伊 › 1909–1943

影响了 3

  • 玛丽·米奇利

    影响了

    Midgley, Murdoch’s fellow student at Oxford, followed her critique of Sartre’s solitary choosing will and wrote on her moral philosophy (‘Sorting out the Zeitgeist’, 1998). M. Midgley, “Sorting out the Zeitgeist: The Moral Philosophy of Iris Murdoch” (1998); C. Mac Cumhaill and R. Wiseman, Metaphysical Animals (2022); SEP “Iris Murdoch”

    依据: AI 草稿

    玛丽·米奇利 › 1919–2018

  • 玛莎·努斯鲍姆

    影响了

    Nussbaum took up Murdoch’s idea of moral attention as just and loving perception in arguing that novels can do moral philosophy (Love’s Knowledge, 1990). M. C. Nussbaum, Love’s Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature (1990); I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970)

    依据: AI 草稿

    玛莎·努斯鲍姆 › 1947年生

  • 爱丽丝·克拉里

    影响了

    Crary followed Murdoch in holding that moral work lies in learning to see situations justly, so that the world, rightly perceived, has moral features (Beyond Moral Judgment, 2007). A. Crary, Beyond Moral Judgment (2007); I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970)

    依据: AI 草稿

    爱丽丝·克拉里 › 1967年生

批评

批评了 2

  • 让-保罗·萨特

    批评了

    Murdoch objected that Sartre’s solitary, choosing will in an empty world leaves out moral vision and the reality of other people (Sartre: Romantic Rationalist, 1953). I. Murdoch, Sartre: Romantic Rationalist (1953); The Sovereignty of Good (1970)

    依据: AI 草稿

    让-保罗·萨特 › 1905–1980

  • R. M. 黑尔

    批评了

    Murdoch objected that Hare’s prescriptivism reduces morality to choice and universalisable rules, neglecting moral vision and the patient work of attention (The Sovereignty of Good, 1970). I. Murdoch, “Vision and Choice in Morality”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, suppl. 30 (1956); The Sovereignty of Good (1970), “The Idea of Perfection”

    依据: AI 草稿

    R. M. 黑尔 › 1919–2002

作品

立场

Murdoch criticized the moral philosophy of her time, both existentialist and analytic, for reducing ethics to the free choices of an empty will. Moral life, she argued, happens largely before any choice: in how we see. Her example is a mother-in-law who slowly learns to see her daughter-in-law not as vulgar but as refreshingly simple. Such a just and loving gaze requires “unselfing,” overcoming the self-centred fantasy that distorts reality. Following Plato and Simone Weil, she placed the Good at the centre as a sovereign, indefinable reality that draws us like the sun. Her work inspired the revival of virtue ethics and moral realism.

生平与背景

Iris Murdoch was born in Dublin in 1919 and grew up in London. She studied classics and philosophy at Oxford, worked during and after the war in the civil service and with refugees for the United Nations, and taught philosophy at St Anne’s College, Oxford, from 1948. She published 26 novels, winning the Booker Prize in 1978. She died in Oxford in 1999.

其他主要作品

  • Sartre: Romantic Rationalist (1953)
  • Under the Net (1954)
  • The Sovereignty of Good (1970)
  • Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals (1992)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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