塞涅卡
只要善加利用，人生就足够长；重要的是无论命运带来什么，都保持平静并正确地行事。
定位
斯多葛哲学家、政治家和书信作者，谈论时间、死亡与平静的心境。
核心思想
- 《论生命之短暂》
- 平静的心境
影响
受影响于 3
伊壁鸠鲁
受其影响
Seneca ended many early Letters to Lucilius with a saying of Epicurus, crossing into the enemy camp ‘not as a deserter but as a scout’ (Letter 2.5). Seneca, Epistulae morales 1–29, esp. 2.5; SEP “Seneca”
依据: AI 草稿
伊壁鸠鲁 › 公元前341—前270年
克律西波斯
受其影响
Seneca followed Chrysippus in treating anger as assent to a judgement and distinguished involuntary ‘first movements’ that precede assent (De ira II.1–4). Seneca, De ira II.1–4; De beneficiis I.3–4 (on Chrysippus’ Graces); R. Sorabji, Emotion and Peace of Mind (2000); SEP “Seneca”
依据: AI 草稿
克律西波斯 › 约公元前279—前206年年
影响了 6
埃洛伊丝
影响了
Arguing against marriage, Héloïse quoted Seneca’s letter that philosophy demands one’s whole time, as Abelard reports in the Historia calamitatum (c. 1132). Abelard, Historia calamitatum (c. 1132); Seneca, Epistulae morales 72.3; The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. D. Luscombe (2013)
依据: AI 草稿
埃洛伊丝 › 约1100–1164年
米歇尔·德·蒙田
影响了
Montaigne quoted Seneca constantly and paired him with Plutarch as his main reading, taking up his practice of self-examination and preparation for death (Essays I.20, II.10). M. de Montaigne, Essais I.20, II.10, II.32 (1580–95); SEP “Michel de Montaigne”
依据: AI 草稿
米歇尔·德·蒙田 › 1533–1592
尤斯图斯·利普修斯
影响了
Lipsius revived Seneca’s Stoicism for Christian readers in De constantia (1584) and the Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604), and edited Seneca’s works (1605). J. Lipsius, De constantia (1584); Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604); L. Annaei Senecae opera (1605); SEP “Justus Lipsius”
依据: AI 草稿
尤斯图斯·利普修斯 › 1547–1606
玛丽亚·桑布拉诺
影响了
In The Living Thought of Seneca (1944) Zambrano read Seneca’s Stoicism not as a system but as a reason that consoles and accompanies life. M. Zambrano, El pensamiento vivo de Séneca (1944)
依据: AI 草稿
玛丽亚·桑布拉诺 › 1904–1991
米歇尔·福柯
影响了
Foucault drew on Seneca’s letters and his evening examination of conscience for the ‘culture of the self’ (L’herméneutique du sujet, 1981–82; publ. 2001; Le souci de soi, 1984). M. Foucault, L’herméneutique du sujet (lectures 1981–82; ed. F. Gros, 2001); Le souci de soi (1984); Seneca, De ira; Epistulae morales; SEP “Seneca”
依据: AI 草稿
米歇尔·福柯 › 1926–1984
玛莎·努斯鲍姆
影响了
Nussbaum read Seneca’s De ira as Stoic therapy of the passions, treating emotions as judgements open to rational criticism (The Therapy of Desire, 1994). M. C. Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics (1994); Seneca, De ira
依据: AI 草稿
玛莎·努斯鲍姆 › 1947年生
作品
- 约65年致卢基里乌书信集
124封信，论时间、死亡与友谊——常附有一句伊壁鸠鲁的引文作为赠礼。
立场
Seneca’s letters and essays are the largest surviving body of Roman Stoic writing. In letters and essays he applies Stoic doctrine to everyday life: how to deal with anger, grief, the shortness of time and the fear of death. Only virtue is good; external goods like wealth and reputation can be lost at any moment, so true freedom lies in our attitude towards what happens. Philosophy is a practice of daily self-examination, a therapy of the soul. His vivid, personal style made him a favourite of Christian writers, of Montaigne and of the early modern moralists – although his wealth and his service to Nero drew charges of hypocrisy even in his lifetime.
生平与背景
Lucius Annaeus Seneca was born in Córdoba in Spain and made a career in Rome as an orator, writer and politician. Exiled to Corsica under Claudius, he was recalled to become tutor and later adviser to the young Nero. After withdrawing from court he was accused of involvement in the Pisonian conspiracy and forced to take his own life in 65 CE.
其他主要作品
- On Anger (c. 41–49 CE)
- On the Shortness of Life (c. 49 CE)
- On Clemency (c. 55 CE)
- Letters to Lucilius (c. 62–65 CE)
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