डैनियल डेनेट
चेतना कोई रहस्य नहीं बल्कि मस्तिष्क की अनेक समानांतर प्रक्रियाओं का काम है, बिना किसी आंतरिक प्रेक्षक के – कोई आंतरिक रंगमंच नहीं जहाँ सब कुछ एक साथ आता हो।
पृष्ठभूमि
चेतना की व्याख्या की जा सकती है: कोई देकार्तीय रंगमंच नहीं, बल्कि “अनेक मसौदे”; डार्विन का ख़तरनाक विचार।
मुख्य विचार
- आशयात्मक रुख़
- अनेक मसौदे
- क्वालिया की आलोचना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 5
चार्ल्स डार्विन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dennett read Darwin’s natural selection as an algorithmic process that yields design without a designer, a ‘universal acid’ for traditional ideas of purpose (Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, 1995). D. C. Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life (1995); C. Darwin, On the Origin of Species (1859)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
चार्ल्स डार्विन › 1809–1882
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dennett, a student of Ryle, drew on Wittgenstein’s attack on private inner objects in denying that experience has ineffable, intrinsic qualia (‘Quining Qualia’, 1988; Consciousness Explained, 1991). D. C. Dennett, “Quining Qualia”, in A. Marcel and E. Bisiach (eds.), Consciousness in Contemporary Science (1988); Consciousness Explained (1991)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन › 1889–1951
गिल्बर्ट राइल जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Dennett wrote his Oxford DPhil (1965) under Ryle; the revised thesis became Content and Consciousness (1969). D. C. Dennett, Content and Consciousness (1969), preface; I’ve Been Thinking (2023)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
गिल्बर्ट राइल › 1900–1976
डब्ल्यू. वी. ओ. क्वाइन जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा ✓
Dennett studied with Quine at Harvard (BA 1963) and wrote his senior thesis in critical engagement with him; for his doctorate he went to Ryle in Oxford. D. C. Dennett, I’ve Been Thinking (2023)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
डब्ल्यू. वी. ओ. क्वाइन › 1908–2000
एलेन ट्यूरिंग
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dennett defended Turing’s test as a fair criterion (‘Can Machines Think?’, 1985) and paired Turing with Darwin on competence without comprehension (From Bacteria to Bach and Back, 2017). D. C. Dennett, “Can Machines Think?” (1985), in Brainchildren (1998); From Bacteria to Bach and Back (2017); SEP “The Turing Test”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
एलेन ट्यूरिंग › 1912–1954
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
एंडी क्लार्क
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Clark took up Dennett’s picture of words as tools that augment cognition, treating public language as an external artefact that reshapes the brain’s computational tasks (‘Magic Words’, 1998). A. Clark, “Magic Words: How Language Augments Human Computation”, in P. Carruthers and J. Boucher (eds.), Language and Thought (1998); D. C. Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea (1995)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
एंडी क्लार्क › जन्म 1957
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
डेविड चाल्मर्स
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Chalmers argued that Dennett’s functional account of consciousness addresses only the ‘easy problems’ and denies the explanandum, experience itself (‘Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness’, 1995). D. J. Chalmers, “Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness”, Journal of Consciousness Studies 2 (1995); The Conscious Mind (1996); reply: D. C. Dennett, “Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness”, JCS 3 (1996)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
डेविड चाल्मर्स › जन्म 1966
जिनकी आलोचना की 5
रने देकार्त
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dennett attacked the ‘Cartesian Theater’, a central place in the brain where it all comes together for consciousness, surviving as ‘Cartesian materialism’ (Consciousness Explained, 1991). D. C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (1991), ch. 5; D. C. Dennett & M. Kinsbourne, “Time and the Observer”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (1992)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
रने देकार्त › 1596–1650
जॉन सर्ल
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dennett called Searle’s Chinese Room an ‘intuition pump’ that directs attention to the rule-following man instead of the whole system (‘The Milk of Human Intentionality’, 1980). D. C. Dennett, “The Milk of Human Intentionality”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (1980); Consciousness Explained (1991), ch. 14
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन सर्ल › 1932–2025
जेरी फ़ोडर
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dennett objected to Fodor’s language of thought that ascribing beliefs does not require explicitly stored sentences in the head (‘A Cure for the Common Code?’, 1977). D. C. Dennett, “A Cure for the Common Code?”, Mind 86 (1977), repr. in Brainstorms (1978); The Intentional Stance (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जेरी फ़ोडर › 1935–2017
थॉमस नागेल
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dennett denied Nagel’s claim that subjective experience escapes objective science: much about what it is like to be a bat can be learned (Consciousness Explained, 1991). D. C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (1991), ch. 14; T. Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”, Philosophical Review 83 (1974); Nagel’s reply: “Is Consciousness an Illusion?”, New York Review of Books, 9 March 2017
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
थॉमस नागेल › जन्म 1937
फ़्रैंक जैक्सन
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dennett argued that Jackson’s Mary, knowing all physical facts, would learn nothing on seeing colour and would spot a blue-painted banana as a trick (Consciousness Explained, 1991). D. C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (1991), ch. 12; F. Jackson, “Epiphenomenal Qualia”, Philosophical Quarterly 32 (1982); Jackson later gave up the argument (“Postscript on Qualia”, 1998)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़्रैंक जैक्सन › जन्म 1943
कृतियाँ
- 1987आशयात्मक रुख़
विश्वास आरोपित करना एक पूर्वानुमानात्मक रुख़ अपनाना है।
कोई देकार्तीय रंगमंच नहीं – अनेक मसौदे।
प्राकृतिक चयन सार्वभौमिक अम्ल के रूप में।
मत
Dennett sought to explain the mind entirely within a scientific, Darwinian world view. With the “intentional stance” he argued that attributing beliefs and desires is a strategy for predicting behaviour that works for people, animals and even chess computers – and that this success is all there is to having beliefs. In Consciousness Explained he rejected the “Cartesian theater,” the idea of a central place in the brain where everything comes together for an inner observer; instead, many parallel processes produce “multiple drafts.” He regarded qualia as a confused notion. In Darwin’s Dangerous Idea he described natural selection as a “universal acid” that dissolves traditional ideas of design and purpose. Dennett also defended a compatibilist account of free will.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Dennett was born in Boston in 1942, studied at Harvard and wrote his doctorate at Oxford under Gilbert Ryle. For more than four decades he taught at Tufts University, where he co-directed the Center for Cognitive Studies. He worked closely with cognitive scientists and biologists and became one of the best-known public intellectuals of his time. He died in 2024.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Brainstorms (1978)
- The Intentional Stance (1987)
- Consciousness Explained (1991)
- Darwin’s Dangerous Idea (1995)
- Freedom Evolves (2003)
इनमें आता है
- यात्रा ‘चेतना की पहेली’ · 10 में से पड़ाव 9
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- बहस ‘चेतना क्या है?’
- बहस ‘क्या हम स्वतंत्र हैं? तंत्रिका-विज्ञान के युग में स्वतंत्र इच्छा’
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