Agoraविचारों का एक खुला चौक

थॉमस नागेल

जन्म 1937

पहली झलकजानबूझकर सरलीकृत – परिचय में और विस्तार है

हम कभी नहीं जान सकते कि चमगादड़ होना कैसा है; व्यक्तिपरक अनुभव को कोई वस्तुनिष्ठ वर्णन नहीं पकड़ सकता।

पृष्ठभूमि

विश्लेषणात्मक दर्शन · दक्षिणी यूरोप · मन और चेतना, नीतिशास्त्र

चमगादड़ होना कैसा होता है? व्यक्तिपरक अनुभव वस्तुनिष्ठ वर्णन की पकड़ से बाहर रहता है।

मुख्य विचार

  • अनुभव का व्यक्तिपरक स्वरूप
  • कहीं से भी न देखा गया दृष्टिकोण

गुरु: जॉन राल्स

तारा-मानचित्र में खोलें

प्रभाव

जिनसे प्रभावित 2

  • लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन

    जिनसे प्रभावित

    Nagel met Wittgenstein’s later philosophy at Cornell through Norman Malcolm, Wittgenstein’s student and friend, whose letter introduced him to Anscombe at Oxford in 1958. T. Nagel, review essay on Anscombe, Foot, Midgley and Murdoch, London Review of Books (2022); N. Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir (1958)

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन › 1889–1951

  • जॉन राल्स जिनसे पढ़ा

    जिनसे पढ़ा

    Nagel took his PhD at Harvard in 1963 under Rawls with a dissertation on altruism, the theme of his The Possibility of Altruism (1970). Mathematics Genealogy Project, entry T. Nagel (Harvard 1963)

    साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO

    जॉन राल्स › 1921–2002

जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1

  • डेविड चाल्मर्स

    जिन्हें प्रभावित किया

    Chalmers defined consciousness with Nagel’s phrase that there is ‘something it is like’ to be a subject and made explaining it the ‘hard problem’ (1995). D. J. Chalmers, “Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness”, Journal of Consciousness Studies 2 (1995); The Conscious Mind (1996); T. Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”, Philosophical Review 83 (1974)

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    डेविड चाल्मर्स › जन्म 1966

आलोचना

जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1

  • डैनियल डेनेट

    जिनके द्वारा आलोचित

    Dennett denied Nagel’s claim that subjective experience escapes objective science: much about what it is like to be a bat can be learned (Consciousness Explained, 1991). D. C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (1991), ch. 14; T. Nagel, “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”, Philosophical Review 83 (1974); Nagel’s reply: “Is Consciousness an Illusion?”, New York Review of Books, 9 March 2017

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    डैनियल डेनेट › 1942–2024

कृतियाँ

मत

Nagel’s central theme is the tension between the subjective and the objective standpoint. In “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” he argued that conscious experience has a subjective character – there is something it is like to be a bat orienting itself by echolocation – that no objective physical description can capture. Physicalism may be true, but we do not yet understand how it could be. In The View from Nowhere he extended this tension to ethics, freedom and the meaning of life: we can step back and see ourselves from outside, yet never fully leave our own perspective. In Mind and Cosmos he controversially questioned whether neo-Darwinian materialism can explain mind at all. His essays helped revive consciousness as a central problem.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Nagel was born in Belgrade in 1937 and came to the United States as a child. He studied at Cornell, Oxford and Harvard, where he wrote his dissertation under John Rawls. After teaching at Berkeley and Princeton he moved to New York University in 1980. He is known for clear essays that make deep questions accessible to non-specialists.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

  • The Possibility of Altruism (1970)
  • What Is It Like to Be a Bat? (1974)
  • Mortal Questions (1979)
  • The View from Nowhere (1986)
  • Mind and Cosmos (2012)

इनमें आता है

स्रोत: Wikipedia · Wikidata

नवंबर 2026 तक · स्रोत · इस पृष्ठ को बेहतर बनाएँ · Agora कैसे बना है

तारा-मानचित्र में खोलें