गिल्लेस देलयूज़े
यथार्थ भेद और निरंतर बनना है, स्थिर पहचानें नहीं – एक तने वाले वृक्ष के बजाय फैलते जड़-जाल की तरह सोचिए।
पृष्ठभूमि
भेद और बनने का दर्शन: वृक्ष की जगह प्रकंद (rhizome), अभाव की जगह इच्छा-यंत्र।
मुख्य विचार
- प्रकंद
- भेद और पुनरावृत्ति
- अंतर्निहितता
- अंग-रहित शरीर
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 11
बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Deleuze read Spinoza as a philosopher of expression and immanence and asked with him what a body can do (Spinoza et le problème de l’expression, 1968). G. Deleuze, Spinoza et le problème de l’expression (1968); Spinoza. Philosophie pratique (1970; 1981); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “Baruch Spinoza”
बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा › 1632–1677
गॉटफ़्रीड विल्हेल्म लाइबनित्स
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In The Fold (1988) Deleuze read Leibniz as the Baroque philosopher whose monads express the whole world from a point of view and whose matter is infinitely folded. G. Deleuze, Le pli. Leibniz et le baroque (1988); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
गॉटफ़्रीड विल्हेल्म लाइबनित्स › 1646–1716
डेविड ह्यूम
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In Empiricism and Subjectivity (1953) Deleuze read Hume as showing how a subject is constituted within the given through habit and association, and stressed his externality of relations. G. Deleuze, Empirisme et subjectivité (1953); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “David Hume”
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डेविड ह्यूम › 1711–1776
इमानुएल कांट
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Deleuze read Kant’s doctrine of the faculties and their discordant accord in the sublime (La philosophie critique de Kant, 1963) and recast transcendental philosophy as ‘transcendental empiricism’ (1968). G. Deleuze, La philosophie critique de Kant (1963); “L’idée de genèse dans l’esthétique de Kant” (1963); Différence et répétition (1968); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962) Deleuze read Nietzsche against Hegel as a thinker of affirmation, of active and reactive forces and of eternal return as selection of difference. G. Deleuze, Nietzsche et la philosophie (1962); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “Friedrich Nietzsche”
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे › 1844–1900
आँरी बेर्गसोन
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Deleuze read Bergson’s duration as a qualitative multiplicity and the virtual as real without being actual (Le bergsonisme, 1966), and built Cinema 1–2 (1983–85) on Matter and Memory. G. Deleuze, Le bergsonisme (1966); Cinéma 1. L’image-mouvement (1983); Cinéma 2. L’image-temps (1985); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “Henri Bergson”
आँरी बेर्गसोन › 1859–1941
सभी दिखाएँ (11)कम दिखाएँ
दुन्स स्कोतुस
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Deleuze took Duns Scotus’s univocity of being as the first moment of a philosophy of difference, followed by Spinoza and Nietzsche (Difference and Repetition, 1968). G. Deleuze, Différence et répétition (1968); Spinoza et le problème de l’expression (1968); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “John Duns Scotus”
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दुन्स स्कोतुस › लगभग 1266–1308
गाब्रिएल तार्द
जिनसे प्रभावित
Deleuze read Tarde as a thinker of repetition and difference (Difference and Repetition, 1968) and, with Guattari, set his microsociology of imitation against Durkheim (A Thousand Plateaus, 1980). G. Deleuze, Différence et répétition (1968); G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, Mille plateaux (1980)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गाब्रिएल तार्द › 1843–1904
अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In The Fold (1988) Deleuze read Whitehead’s events and prehensions as a successor to Leibniz’s monadology, with chaos, extension and intensity as conditions of the event. G. Deleuze, Le pli. Leibniz et le baroque (1988); A. N. Whitehead, Process and Reality (1929); SEP “Alfred North Whitehead”
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अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड › 1861–1947
याकोब फ़ॉन युक्सकुल
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Deleuze took Uexküll’s tick, defined by three affects, as a model of a body known by what it can do (A Thousand Plateaus, 1980; Spinoza. Philosophie pratique, 1981). G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, Mille plateaux (1980); G. Deleuze, Spinoza. Philosophie pratique (1981)
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याकोब फ़ॉन युक्सकुल › 1864–1944
फ़्रांट्ज़ फ़ानों
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Anti-Oedipus (1972, with Félix Guattari) Deleuze cited a case from Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth – a persecution psychosis that seemed to concern the death of the patient’s mother, who had in fact been killed by a French soldier – to show that delusion invests the social and historical field, not only the family. G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, L’Anti-Œdipe (1972), ch. 2; F. Fanon, Les damnés de la terre (1961), ch. “Guerre coloniale et troubles mentaux”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़्रांट्ज़ फ़ानों › 1925–1961
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 3
अंतोनियो नेग्री
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Negri took up Deleuze’s ‘societies of control’ (1990) and, with Michael Hardt, made it part of the account of biopolitical power in Empire (2000). M. Hardt and A. Negri, Empire (2000); G. Deleuze, “Post-scriptum sur les sociétés de contrôle” (1990); preface to A. Negri, L’anomalie sauvage (1982)
अंतोनियो नेग्री › 1933–2023
इज़ाबेल स्तांजे
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Stengers borrowed from Deleuze the conceptual figure of the ‘idiot’, who slows down a consensus, to frame her cosmopolitical proposal (‘The Cosmopolitical Proposal’, 2005). I. Stengers, “The Cosmopolitical Proposal”, in B. Latour and P. Weibel (eds.), Making Things Public (2005); G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, Qu’est-ce que la philosophie? (1991)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इज़ाबेल स्तांजे › जन्म 1949
एदुआर्दो वीवेइरोस दे कास्त्रो
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Viveiros de Castro used Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of becoming and multiplicity to describe Amerindian perspectivism (‘Les pronoms cosmologiques’, 1998; Métaphysiques cannibales, 2009). E. Viveiros de Castro, “Les pronoms cosmologiques et le perspectivisme amérindien”, in É. Alliez (ed.), Gilles Deleuze. Une vie philosophique (1998); Métaphysiques cannibales (2009)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एदुआर्दो वीवेइरोस दे कास्त्रो › जन्म 1951
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 2
गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Spivak objected that Deleuze, with Foucault in ‘Intellectuals and Power’ (1972), conflates two senses of representation, speaking-for (vertreten) and portraying (darstellen) (‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’, 1988). G. C. Spivak, “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, in C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (1988); M. Foucault & G. Deleuze, “Les intellectuels et le pouvoir”, L’Arc 49 (1972)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक › जन्म 1942
स्लावोय झ़िझ़ेक
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Žižek preferred the Deleuze of The Logic of Sense to the Anti-Oedipus Deleuze, whose praise of desiring flows he saw as fitting late capitalism (Organs without Bodies, 2004). S. Žižek, Organs without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (2004)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
स्लावोय झ़िझ़ेक › जन्म 1949
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
प्लेटो
जिनकी आलोचना की
Deleuze called for ‘reversing Platonism’: instead of ranking copies by their likeness to the Ideas, he affirmed the simulacrum and difference (The Logic of Sense, 1969, appendix). G. Deleuze, Logique du sens (1969), appendix I.1 “Platon et le simulacre”; Différence et répétition (1968)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल
जिनकी आलोचना की
Deleuze rejected Hegel’s dialectic for subordinating difference to identity and negation, opposing to it a Nietzschean affirmation of difference (Nietzsche and Philosophy, 1962; Difference and Repetition, 1968). G. Deleuze, Nietzsche et la philosophie (1962); Différence et répétition (1968), Introduction and ch. I; SEP “Gilles Deleuze”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल › 1770–1831
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड
जिनकी आलोचना की
With Guattari, Deleuze attacked Freudian psychoanalysis for confining desire to the Oedipal family triangle and conceiving it as lack rather than production (Anti-Oedipus, 1972). G. Deleuze & F. Guattari, L’Anti-Œdipe. Capitalisme et schizophrénie (1972), ch. 2; SEP “Gilles Deleuze”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड › 1856–1939
कृतियाँ
- 1962नीत्शे और दर्शन
हेगल-विरोधी के रूप में नीत्शे: निषेध के बजाय स्वीकृति।
अपने आप में भेद, तादात्म्य के अधीन हुए बिना।
- 1972एंटी-ईडिपस
फेलिक्स गुआताली के साथ लिखा: मनोविश्लेषण के ईडिपीय त्रिकोण के विरुद्ध इच्छा-यंत्र।
फेलिक्स गुआताली के साथ लिखा: प्रकंद, घुमंतू-विद्या, चिकना और धारीदार स्थान।
मत
Deleuze sought to think difference as primary rather than as a mere deviation from an identity. In Difference and Repetition he criticised the whole tradition of “representation,” which subordinates the different to the same, and developed a philosophy of becoming and immanence inspired by Spinoza, Nietzsche and Bergson. With Guattari, in Anti-Oedipus, he attacked psychoanalysis: desire is not lack but productive, a network of “desiring-machines” that capitalism both unleashes and recaptures. A Thousand Plateaus contrasted hierarchical, tree-like thinking with the “rhizome,” a network without centre in which every point can connect with every other. Philosophy, the two wrote, is the creation of concepts. Deleuze shaped art theory, political philosophy and media studies.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Deleuze was born in Paris in 1925 and studied philosophy at the Sorbonne. He first wrote monographs on Hume, Nietzsche, Kant, Bergson and Spinoza. From 1969 he taught at the experimental University of Paris VIII (Vincennes), where his lectures attracted large audiences. With the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari he wrote a series of influential books. Severely ill, he took his own life in 1995.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962)
- Difference and Repetition (1968)
- The Logic of Sense (1969)
- Anti-Oedipus (with Félix Guattari) (1972)
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