आँरी बेर्गसोन
जिया हुआ काल बहता है और मापने योग्य टुकड़ों में काटा नहीं जा सकता, और अंतर्ज्ञान जीवन के इस सृजनात्मक प्रवाह को बुद्धि से बेहतर पकड़ता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
मापे जा सकने वाले समय के बजाय जिया हुआ कालप्रवाह (durée); सृजनशील जीवन-शक्ति के रूप में एलान विताल।
मुख्य विचार
- कालप्रवाह (durée)
- एलान विताल
- अंतर्ज्ञान
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
प्लोटिनस
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Bergson lectured on Plotinus at the Collège de France; The Two Sources (1932) saw in him the height of contemplative mysticism, which stops short of action. H. Bergson, Les Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion (1932); lectures on Plotinus, Collège de France; SEP “Henri Bergson”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
प्लोटिनस › 204–270
बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In ‘Philosophical Intuition’ (1911) Bergson took Spinoza as his example of a simple intuition behind a complex system, felt beneath the geometrical apparatus of the Ethics. H. Bergson, “L’intuition philosophique” (1911), in La Pensée et le mouvant (1934); SEP “Henri Bergson”
बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा › 1632–1677
चार्ल्स डार्विन
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
In Creative Evolution (1907) Bergson accepted evolution but argued that Darwin’s insensible accidental variations cannot explain convergent organs such as the eye, positing a vital impetus. H. Bergson, L’Évolution créatrice (1907); SEP “Henri Bergson”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
चार्ल्स डार्विन › 1809–1882
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 16
विलियम जेम्स
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In A Pluralistic Universe (1909) James devoted a lecture to Bergson and his critique of intellectualism, taking from him that concepts cut up the continuous flux of experience. W. James, A Pluralistic Universe (1909), “Bergson and His Critique of Intellectualism”; letter to Bergson, 13 June 1907; SEP “William James”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
विलियम जेम्स › 1842–1910
अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In Science and the Modern World (1925) Whitehead linked his ‘fallacy of misplaced concreteness’ to Bergson’s protest against the intellect’s spatialisation of nature, while denying it is inevitable. A. N. Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (1925); SEP “Alfred North Whitehead”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड › 1861–1947
निशिदा कितारो
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In essays collected in Thinking and Experience (1915) Nishida discussed Bergson’s method and pure duration as a kindred account of experience before subject and object divide. Nishida Kitarō, Shisaku to taiken (1915); SEP “Nishida Kitarō”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
निशिदा कितारो › 1870–1945
मुहम्मद इक़बाल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Iqbal took up Bergson’s real duration to describe the self as free creative activity and God’s time as pure duration, and later met Bergson in Paris. M. Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930; 1934); S. B. Diagne, Bergson postcolonial (2011)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
मुहम्मद इक़बाल › 1877–1938
मोरिस मर्लो-पोंती
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Merleau-Ponty valued Bergson’s return to perception and to being in the making, discussing him in his inaugural lecture (Éloge de la philosophie, 1953) and ‘Bergson se faisant’ (1959). M. Merleau-Ponty, Éloge de la philosophie (1953); “Bergson se faisant” (1959), in Signes (1960); L’union de l’âme et du corps chez Malebranche, Biran et Bergson (lectures 1947–48; publ. 1968); SEP “Maurice Merleau-Ponty”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
मोरिस मर्लो-पोंती › 1908–1961
गिल्लेस देलयूज़े
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Deleuze read Bergson’s duration as a qualitative multiplicity and the virtual as real without being actual (Le bergsonisme, 1966), and built Cinema 1–2 (1983–85) on Matter and Memory. G. Deleuze, Le bergsonisme (1966); Cinéma 1. L’image-mouvement (1983); Cinéma 2. L’image-temps (1985); SEP “Gilles Deleuze”; SEP “Henri Bergson”
गिल्लेस देलयूज़े › 1925–1995
सभी दिखाएँ (16)कम दिखाएँ
ख़ोसे वास्कोन्सेलोस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Vasconcelos drew on Bergson’s creative evolution and intuition for an aesthetic monism in which history rises towards a spiritual, aesthetic stage (La raza cósmica, 1925). J. Vasconcelos, La raza cósmica (1925); El monismo estético (1918)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ख़ोसे वास्कोन्सेलोस › 1882–1959
फ़्लोरियन ज़नानिएत्स्की
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Znaniecki translated Bergson’s Creative Evolution into Polish (Ewolucja twórcza, 1913) and took up his idea of creative becoming in his early philosophy of culture (Cultural Reality, 1919). H. Bergson, Ewolucja twórcza, trans. F. Znaniecki (Warsaw, 1913); F. Znaniecki, Cultural Reality (1919)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़्लोरियन ज़नानिएत्स्की › 1882–1958
कुकी शूज़ो
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Kuki came to know Bergson personally in Paris and in ‘Bergson au Japon’ (1928) described how Bergson’s philosophy of intuition had been received in Japan. Kuki Shūzō, “Bergson au Japon”, Les Nouvelles littéraires, 15 Dec. 1928; S. Light, Shūzō Kuki and Jean-Paul Sartre (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कुकी शूज़ो › 1888–1941
लियांग शुमिंग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Liang Shuming took over Bergson’s intuition (zhijue), set against calculating intellect, as the core of Confucian life (Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies, 1921). Liang Shuming, Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1921); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian: Liang Shu-ming and the Chinese Dilemma of Modernity (1979)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लियांग शुमिंग › 1893–1988
ज़ाँ प्याज़े
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Piaget recalled that reading Bergson’s L’Évolution créatrice as a youth made him seek a biological explanation of knowledge, the programme of his genetic epistemology (Autobiography, 1952). J. Piaget, “Autobiography”, in E. G. Boring et al. (eds.), A History of Psychology in Autobiography, vol. IV (1952); H. Bergson, L’Évolution créatrice (1907)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ज़ाँ प्याज़े › 1896–1980
आल्फ्रेड शुट्ज़
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Schutz grounded meaning in Bergson’s inner duration: lived experience becomes meaningful when a reflective glance turns back on it (Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt, 1932). A. Schütz, Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt (1932); Theorie der Lebensformen (manuscripts 1925–27, ed. I. Srubar, 1981); SEP “Alfred Schutz”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आल्फ्रेड शुट्ज़ › 1899–1959
निशितानी केइजी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
The same thesis of 1924 paired Bergson with Schelling; Bergson was among the authors Nishitani studied most in his early years. Nishitani Keiji, thesis “The Ideal and the Real in Schelling and Bergson” (Kyoto 1924); Nanzan Institute, Philosophers Database “Nishitani Keiji”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
निशितानी केइजी › 1900–1990
इमैनुएल लेविनास
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Levinas counted Bergson’s Essai (1889) among the books that formed him and credited Bergsonian duration with breaking with the time of clocks (Ethics and Infinity, 1982). E. Levinas, Éthique et infini (1982); Le temps et l’autre (1948); SEP “Emmanuel Levinas”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इमैनुएल लेविनास › 1906–1995
लेओपोल्ड सदर सेंघोर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Senghor drew on Bergson’s intuition, set against analytic intellect, to describe an African way of knowing by participation (‘Ce que l’homme noir apporte’, 1939). L. S. Senghor, “Ce que l’homme noir apporte” (1939), in Liberté I: Négritude et humanisme (1964); S. B. Diagne, Bergson postcolonial (2011)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लेओपोल्ड सदर सेंघोर › 1906–2001
सुलेमान बशीर दिआन्ये
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Diagne showed how Bergson’s philosophy of intuition and of the élan vital shaped both Senghor and Iqbal, and used it to read Négritude. S. B. Diagne, African Art as Philosophy (2011); Bergson postcolonial (2011)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सुलेमान बशीर दिआन्ये › जन्म 1955
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 3
बर्टराण्ड रसेल
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Russell rejected Bergson’s intuition as anti-intellectualism: his attack on the intellect rests on misunderstandings of mathematics and of Zeno’s paradoxes (‘The Philosophy of Bergson’, 1912). B. Russell, “The Philosophy of Bergson”, The Monist 22 (1912), 321–347; A History of Western Philosophy (1945), ch. 28
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
बर्टराण्ड रसेल › 1872–1970
गैस्टन बैचलर्ड
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Bachelard set a time of discontinuous instants against Bergson’s continuous duration (L’intuition de l’instant, 1932; La dialectique de la durée, 1936). G. Bachelard, L’intuition de l’instant (1932); La dialectique de la durée (1936); SEP “Gaston Bachelard”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गैस्टन बैचलर्ड › 1884–1962
सर्वेपल्ली राधाकृष्णन
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Three chapters of The Reign of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy (1920) argue that Bergson’s philosophy, consistently thought through, leads not to pluralism but to absolute idealism. S. Radhakrishnan, The Reign of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy (1920), chs. V–VII; “Bergson and Absolute Idealism”, Mind 28 (1919)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सर्वेपल्ली राधाकृष्णन › 1888–1975
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
एलिया का ज़ेनो
जिनकी आलोचना की
Bergson traced Zeno’s paradoxes to confusing movement with the divisible line it traverses; each step of Achilles is indivisible (Matter and Memory, 1896, ch. 4). H. Bergson, Matière et mémoire (1896), ch. IV; L’Évolution créatrice (1907), ch. IV
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एलिया का ज़ेनो › लगभग 490–430 ईसा पूर्व
इमानुएल कांट
जिनकी आलोचना की
Bergson objected that Kant took time for a homogeneous medium like space and so had to banish freedom to a timeless noumenal realm (Time and Free Will, 1889). H. Bergson, Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience (1889), Conclusion; SEP “Henri Bergson”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
हरबर्ट स्पेंसर
जिनकी आलोचना की
Bergson, once drawn to Spencer, charged his ‘false evolutionism’ with rebuilding evolution out of fragments of the already evolved, missing real duration (Creative Evolution, 1907, ch. 4). H. Bergson, L’Évolution créatrice (1907), ch. IV; SEP “Henri Bergson”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
हरबर्ट स्पेंसर › 1820–1903
कृतियाँ
स्थानीकृत समय के बजाय जिया हुआ कालप्रवाह।
- 1907सृजनात्मक विकास
विकास के यंत्रवाद के उत्तर के रूप में एलान विताल।
मत
Bergson started from a simple observation: the time of clocks and physics is spatialised – a line of identical, measurable moments. Lived time, which he called duration (durée), is different: a flowing, indivisible whole in which past and present interpenetrate like the notes of a melody. Grasping this requires intuition, not analytical intellect, which cuts reality into fixed pieces. From here he defended free will, and in Creative Evolution described life as an élan vital, a creative impulse that cannot be reduced to mechanism. His philosophy of life fascinated artists and writers such as Proust, and later inspired Deleuze.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Bergson was born in Paris to a Polish-Jewish father and an English mother, studied at the École normale supérieure and taught at lycées before being appointed to the Collège de France in 1900. His lectures drew crowds far beyond the academic world. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927 and died in occupied Paris in 1941.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Time and Free Will (1889)
- Matter and Memory (1896)
- Creative Evolution (1907)
- The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1932)
नवंबर 2026 तक · स्रोत · इस पृष्ठ को बेहतर बनाएँ · Agora कैसे बना है