斯拉沃热·齐泽克
意识形态不是我们相信的谎言，而是我们即使明知更好也依然赖以生活的幻想——而黑格尔和拉康有助于揭露它。
定位
斯洛文尼亚哲学家，他通过拉康来阅读黑格尔，并把两者用来对抗当代的意识形态——用笑话、电影和悖论。
核心思想
- 意识形态作为幻想
- 拉康式的黑格尔主义
- 视差之见
影响
受影响于 8
伊曼努尔·康德
受其影响 ✓
Žižek read Kant’s paralogisms, in which the subject cannot know itself as a substance, as anticipating Lacan’s empty subject (Tarrying with the Negative, 1993). S. Žižek, Tarrying with the Negative: Kant, Hegel, and the Critique of Ideology (1993)
伊曼努尔·康德 › 1724–1804
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔
受其影响 ✓
Žižek read Hegel through Lacan, treating negativity and contradiction as constitutive of the subject and of reality itself (Less Than Nothing, 2012). S. Žižek, Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism (2012); Tarrying with the Negative (1993)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831
弗里德里希·威廉·约瑟夫·谢林
受其影响 ✓
In The Indivisible Remainder (1996) Žižek read Schelling’s Ages of the World as an account of how the Word emerges from a pre-symbolic ground of drives. S. Žižek, The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters (1996); The Abyss of Freedom (1997)
弗里德里希·威廉·约瑟夫·谢林 › 1775–1854
卡尔·马克思
受其影响 ✓
Žižek read Marx’s formula ‘they do not know it, but they are doing it’ as locating ideology in practice, not belief (The Sublime Object of Ideology, 1989). S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989); K. Marx, Das Kapital I (1867), on the fetish character of the commodity
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
受其影响 ✓
Žižek read Marx’s commodity form like Freud’s dream, whose secret lies in the dream-work, not the latent content (The Sublime Object of Ideology, 1989). S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989); S. Freud, Die Traumdeutung (1900)
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 › 1856–1939
雅克·拉康
受其影响 ✓
Žižek took up Lacan’s registers of the Imaginary, Symbolic and Real and his concept of fantasy to analyse ideology and popular culture (Looking Awry, 1991). S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989); Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture (1991)
雅克·拉康 › 1901–1981
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路易·阿尔都塞
受其影响 ✓
Žižek took up Althusser’s theory of ideology as interpellation and material ritual, arguing that interpellation never fully succeeds (The Sublime Object of Ideology, 1989). S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989); L. Althusser, “Idéologie et appareils idéologiques d’État” (1970)
路易·阿尔都塞 › 1918–1990
柄谷行人
受其影响
Žižek built The Parallax View (2006) on Karatani’s Transcritique: On Kant and Marx (2003), taking over its notion of the “parallax” between irreducible perspectives. S. Žižek, The Parallax View (2006), Introduction; “The Parallax View”, New Left Review 25 (2004); K. Karatani, Transcritique (2003)
依据: AI 草稿
柄谷行人 › 1941年生
批评
受批评于 1
朱迪斯·巴特勒
受其批评
Butler objected that Žižek’s Lacanian Real works as an ahistorical, quasi-transcendental limit that fixes sexual difference beyond political contest (Bodies That Matter, 1993; Contingency, Hegemony, Universality, 2000). J. Butler, Bodies That Matter (1993), ch. 7 “Arguing with the Real”; J. Butler, E. Laclau & S. Žižek, Contingency, Hegemony, Universality (2000)
依据: AI 草稿
朱迪斯·巴特勒 › 1956年生
批评了 3
吉尔·德勒兹
批评了
Žižek preferred the Deleuze of The Logic of Sense to the Anti-Oedipus Deleuze, whose praise of desiring flows he saw as fitting late capitalism (Organs without Bodies, 2004). S. Žižek, Organs without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (2004)
依据: AI 草稿
吉尔·德勒兹 › 1925–1995
尤尔根·哈贝马斯
批评了
Žižek opened The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989) by reading Habermas’s neglect of Lacan as symptomatic, setting Lacan’s constitutive antagonism against Habermas’s ideal of transparent communication. S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989), Introduction
依据: AI 草稿
尤尔根·哈贝马斯 › 1929–2026
安东尼奥·奈格里
批评了
Žižek credited Hardt and Negri’s Empire as an analysis of global capitalism but said it leaves open who the multitude is and what it should do (2001). S. Žižek, “Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century?”, Rethinking Marxism 13 (2001)
依据: AI 草稿
安东尼奥·奈格里 › 1933–2023
作品
立场
Žižek reads Hegel through the psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan, and both against the ideology of the present. Ideology, he argues, is not a false picture covering the real world but a fantasy that structures our reality itself: we often know very well what we are doing and do it anyway. His examples come from Hollywood films, jokes and everyday life as much as from philosophy. In The Parallax View and Less Than Nothing he develops a materialism in which reality itself is incomplete and split by gaps. Prolific and provocative, he became one of the best-known public intellectuals of the early twenty-first century.
生平与背景
Žižek was born in Ljubljana, then part of Yugoslavia, in 1949 and studied philosophy and sociology there. In Paris he trained in Lacanian psychoanalysis and took a second doctorate. With Mladen Dolar and others he formed the Ljubljana School. In 1990 he ran for Slovenia’s collective presidency. He works at the University of Ljubljana and has held many guest positions, including in London and New York.
其他主要作品
- The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989)
- The Parallax View (2006)
出现在
- 旅程 ‘黑格尔的继承者’ · 第 10 站，共 10 站
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