Wilhelm Dilthey
Naturę wyjaśniamy z zewnątrz, ale ludzkie życie rozumiemy od wewnątrz – więc nauki humanistyczne potrzebują własnej metody.
Umiejscowienie
Fundament nauk humanistycznych: naturę wyjaśniamy, ale życie ducha rozumiemy.
Kluczowe idee
- Rozumienie a wyjaśnianie
- Filozofia życia
- Historyzm
Nauczyciele: Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, Kuno Fischer
Uczniowie: George Herbert Mead, Martin Buber
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 5
Immanuel Kant
pod wpływem ✓
Dilthey called his project a ‘critique of historical reason’, doing for the human sciences what Kant had done for natural science (Introduction to the Human Sciences, 1883). W. Dilthey, Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (1883); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Immanuel Kant › 1724–1804
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
pod wpływem ✓
Dilthey wrote a Life of Schleiermacher (1870) and in ‘The Rise of Hermeneutics’ (1900) took Schleiermacher’s art of understanding as the basis of the human sciences. W. Dilthey, Leben Schleiermachers I (1870); “Die Entstehung der Hermeneutik” (1900); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher › 1768–1834
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
pod wpływem ✓
In Die Jugendgeschichte Hegels (1905) Dilthey opened up Hegel’s early theological manuscripts, and he took over Hegel’s objective spirit, without its metaphysics, for the human sciences (Aufbau, 1910). W. Dilthey, Die Jugendgeschichte Hegels (1905); Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften (1910); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel › 1770–1831
Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka)
In Berlin Dilthey came under the influence of Trendelenburg and Boeckh, both pupils of Schleiermacher. SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey” (R. Makkreel), §1.2
Źródło: szkic AI
Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg › 1802–1872
Kuno Fischer nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka)
At Heidelberg Dilthey was introduced by Fischer to the idealist systems. SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey” (R. Makkreel), §1.2
Źródło: szkic AI
Kuno Fischer › 1824–1907
Wpływ na 8
George Herbert Mead uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica
Mead took two courses with Dilthey during his study in Germany. SEP “George Herbert Mead” (M. Aboulafia, S. Taylor), §1
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George Herbert Mead › 1863–1931
Max Weber
wpływ na sporne
In Roscher and Knies Weber cites several Dilthey essays with approval, but how far he followed Dilthey’s Verstehen is open, and the SEP entry sets Weber’s concept formation against Dilthey’s. R. Wanstrat, Das sozialwissenschaftliche Verstehen bei Dilthey und Max Weber (Duncker & Humblot; read via summary only); SEP “Max Weber” §2.1; the line is asserted in Randall Collins’s critique, no accessible source states it plainly
Źródło: szkic AI
Max Weber › 1864–1920
José Ortega y Gasset
wpływ na
In ‘Wilhelm Dilthey and the Idea of Life’ (1933–34) Ortega found in Dilthey’s historical understanding of life a confirmation of his vital reason, which he had reached independently. J. Ortega y Gasset, “Guillermo Dilthey y la idea de la vida” (1933–34); SEP “José Ortega y Gasset”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
José Ortega y Gasset › 1883–1955
György Lukács
wpływ na
In his 1962 preface to The Theory of the Novel (1916) Lukács traced its method to Dilthey’s Das Erlebnis und die Dichtung (1905) and the Geisteswissenschaften. G. Lukács, Die Theorie des Romans (1916; book 1920), preface (1962); W. Dilthey, Das Erlebnis und die Dichtung (1905)
Źródło: szkic AI
György Lukács › 1885–1971
Martin Heidegger
wpływ na ✓
Heidegger took up Dilthey’s question of the historicity of life (Kassel lectures, 1925) and, via the Dilthey–Yorck letters, made historicality a structure of Dasein (Being and Time, 1927). M. Heidegger, “Wilhelm Diltheys Forschungsarbeit und der gegenwärtige Kampf um eine historische Weltanschauung” (Kassel lectures 1925; publ. 1992–93); Sein und Zeit (1927); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Martin Heidegger › 1889–1976
Karl Mannheim
wpływ na
Mannheim took up Dilthey’s theory of world views and of understanding to distinguish objective, expressive and documentary meaning (‘Beiträge zur Theorie der Weltanschauungs-Interpretation’, 1921–22). K. Mannheim, “Beiträge zur Theorie der Weltanschauungs-Interpretation”, Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte 1 (1921–22); D. Kettler, V. Meja and N. Stehr, Karl Mannheim (1984); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Źródło: szkic AI
Karl Mannheim › 1893–1947
Pokaż wszystko (8)Pokaż mniej
Ernst Troeltsch
wpływ na sporne
Troeltsch tried to join Dilthey’s hermeneutic tradition with the neo-Kantian methodology of Windelband and Rickert, and is reported to have dedicated his last book to Dilthey and Windelband; the dedication was not checked in the book. Article “Para além do neokantismo: o conceito de ciências ético-históricas em Ernst Troeltsch” (revistas.ufg.br/teoria/article/view/44811), read via summary; dedication not checked in the book
Źródło: szkic AI
Ernst Troeltsch › 1865–1923
Martin Buber uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica
Buber attended Dilthey’s lectures, as well as Simmel’s, during his semesters at the University of Berlin; his doctorate (Vienna, 1904) was taken elsewhere. The SEP calls Dilthey Buber’s teacher. SEP “Martin Buber”; M. Friedman, Martin Buber’s Life and Work: The Early Years (1981)
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Martin Buber › 1878–1965
Krytyka
Wzajemna krytyka 1
Wilhelm Windelband ⇄ wzajemnie
krytykuje
Dilthey replied that many natural sciences have idiographic parts and many human sciences nomothetic aims, so Windelband’s division does not hold. SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey” (R. Makkreel), §2.2
Źródło: szkic AI
krytyka ze strony
In his Strasbourg rector’s address of 1894 Windelband rejected Dilthey’s way of marking off the human sciences by a distinct kind of experience and by descriptive psychology. SEP “Wilhelm Windelband” (K. Kinzel), §5; SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey” (R. Makkreel), §2.2
Źródło: szkic AI
Wilhelm Windelband › 1848–1915
Krytyka ze strony 3
Edmund Husserl
krytyka ze strony
Husserl’s ‘Philosophy as Rigorous Science’ (1911) attacked historicism and worldview philosophy as leading to sceptical relativism; Dilthey felt targeted, and the two exchanged letters. E. Husserl, “Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft”, Logos 1 (1911); Dilthey–Husserl correspondence, June–July 1911; SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Źródło: szkic AI
Edmund Husserl › 1859–1938
Heinrich Rickert
krytyka ze strony
Rickert objected to Dilthey that psychology cannot ground the human sciences and that re-living past experience would not amount to understanding it, holding that the logical structure of historical science fixes its object. SEP “Heinrich Rickert” (A. Staiti, L. Oliva), §3
Źródło: szkic AI
Heinrich Rickert › 1863–1936
Hans-Georg Gadamer wpływ na
wpływ na ✓
Gadamer took up Dilthey’s question of how the human sciences understand historical life and analysed his concepts of lived experience (Erlebnis) and expression (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); W. Dilthey, Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften (1910); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
krytyka ze strony
Gadamer argued that Dilthey remained caught in the aporias of historicism, modelling the human sciences on the natural sciences’ ideal of objectivity (Truth and Method, 1960, part II). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), part II, section I.2 (“Diltheys Verstrickung in die Aporien des Historismus”)
Źródło: szkic AI
Hans-Georg Gadamer › 1900–2002
Krytykuje 2
Auguste Comte
krytykuje
Dilthey rejected Comte’s sociology as a naturalistic metaphysics of history that forces the human sciences into the methods of natural science (Introduction to the Human Sciences, 1883). W. Dilthey, Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (1883), Book I; SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
Źródło: szkic AI
Auguste Comte › 1798–1857
John Stuart Mill
krytykuje
Dilthey rejected the claim of Mill’s Logic (1843, Book VI) that the moral sciences must borrow the methods of the natural sciences, setting understanding (Verstehen) against explanation. W. Dilthey, Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (1883), Preface; Ideen über eine beschreibende und zergliedernde Psychologie (1894); J. S. Mill, A System of Logic (1843), Book VI
Źródło: szkic AI
John Stuart Mill › 1806–1873
Dzieła
Rozumienie jako metoda świata historycznego.
Stanowisko
Dilthey asked what makes the humanities – history, literature, law, religion – genuine knowledge, without borrowing the methods of physics. His answer: “We explain nature, but we understand mental life.” Human expressions such as texts, works and institutions are objectifications of lived experience, and we understand them by re-living their meaning from within. Life itself, historical and finite, is the ultimate ground of thought; there is no standpoint above history. This made him a founder of the philosophy of life and of modern hermeneutics, and shaped Husserl, Heidegger, Gadamer and the sociology of Max Weber, though it also raised the problem of historical relativism.
Życie i kontekst
The son of a Reformed pastor near Wiesbaden, Dilthey studied theology and philosophy in Heidelberg and Berlin and made his name with a biography of Schleiermacher. After professorships in Basel, Kiel and Breslau he held the Berlin chair from 1882. Many of his projects remained unfinished; his influence spread largely through his students and posthumous editions.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Life of Schleiermacher (1870)
- Introduction to the Human Sciences (1883)
- Ideas Concerning a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology (1894)
- The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences (1910)
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