Hans-Georg Gadamer
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Umiejscowienie
Hermeneutyka filozoficzna: rozumienie jest zlaniem się horyzontów w obrębie historii oddziaływania.
Kluczowe idee
- Zlanie się horyzontów
- Historia oddziaływania (Wirkungsgeschichte)
- Uprzedzenia jako warunek rozumienia
Nauczyciele: Martin Heidegger
Uczniowie: Gianni Vattimo
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 6
Platon
pod wpływem ✓
From Platos dialektische Ethik (1931) on, Gadamer took the Platonic dialogue as model of understanding, making the logic of question and answer central to Truth and Method (1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Platos dialektische Ethik (1931); Wahrheit und Methode (1960); SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
Platon › 428–348 p.n.e.
Arystoteles
pod wpływem ✓
Gadamer took Aristotle’s practical wisdom (phronesis) as the model of hermeneutic application: understanding, like ethical knowledge, applies the general to a concrete situation (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), “Die hermeneutische Aktualität des Aristoteles”; Die Idee des Guten zwischen Plato und Aristoteles (1978); SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
Arystoteles › 384–322 p.n.e.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
pod wpływem ✓
Gadamer took Hegel’s concept of experience and his mediation of past and present as models for understanding, while rejecting absolute knowledge (Truth and Method, 1960; Hegels Dialektik, 1971). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); Hegels Dialektik. Fünf hermeneutische Studien (1971); SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel › 1770–1831
Edmund Husserl
pod wpływem ✓
Gadamer took over Husserl’s concepts of horizon and lifeworld, grounding understanding in a world always already shared rather than in a constituting consciousness (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); E. Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften (1936; 1954); SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
Edmund Husserl › 1859–1938
Johan Huizinga
pod wpływem
Gadamer drew on Huizinga’s Homo Ludens (1938) for play, which absorbs the players, as clue to the ontology of the artwork (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), “Spiel als Leitfaden der ontologischen Explikation”; J. Huizinga, Homo ludens (1938)
Źródło: szkic AI
Johan Huizinga › 1872–1945
Martin Heidegger nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) ✓
Gadamer met Heidegger in Freiburg in 1923, followed him to Marburg and in 1928 submitted his Habilitation thesis on Plato’s Philebus under Heidegger and Paul Friedländer (printed as Platos dialektische Ethik, 1931); Heidegger had the most enduring effect on his thought. SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”; J. Grondin, Hans-Georg Gadamer. Eine Biographie (1999)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Martin Heidegger › 1889–1976
Wpływ na 5
Paul Ricoeur
wpływ na
Ricœur adopted Gadamer’s belonging to tradition and effective history but added a moment of distanciation and explanation, mediating between Gadamer and Habermas (‘Herméneutique et critique des idéologies’, 1973). P. Ricœur, “Herméneutique et critique des idéologies” (1973), in Du texte à l’action (1986); SEP “Paul Ricoeur”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Paul Ricoeur › 1913–2005
Reinhart Koselleck
wpływ na
Koselleck, who heard Gadamer in Heidelberg from 1947, set a ‘Historik’ of pre-linguistic conditions of history beside Gadamer’s hermeneutics; Gadamer replied (‘Historik und Hermeneutik’, 1987). R. Koselleck, “Historik und Hermeneutik”, in R. Koselleck and H.-G. Gadamer, Hermeneutik und Historik (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1987); repr. in Zeitschichten (2000)
Źródło: szkic AI
Reinhart Koselleck › 1923–2006
Richard Rorty
wpływ na
In Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979) Rorty took Gadamer’s notion of Bildung as a model for ‘edifying’ philosophy, with hermeneutics in place of epistemology. R. Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), “Hermeneutics and Edification”; H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); SEP “Richard Rorty”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Richard Rorty › 1931–2007
Gianni Vattimo uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica ✓
After studies with Luigi Pareyson in Turin, Vattimo spent two years from 1963 in Heidelberg on a Humboldt fellowship, studying with Gadamer and Karl Löwith; he translated Wahrheit und Methode into Italian (1972). IEP “Vattimo, Gianni”; G. Vattimo & P. Paterlini, Non essere Dio (2006)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Gianni Vattimo › 1936–2023
Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd
wpływ na
Abu Zayd’s essay ‘Hermeneutics and the Problem of Interpreting the Text’ (1981) introduced Arabic readers to Gadamer’s hermeneutics, a starting point for his theory of the text. N. H. Abu Zayd, “al-Hirminiyutiqa wa-mudilat tafsir al-nass”, Fusul (1981)
Źródło: szkic AI
Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd › 1943–2010
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 2
Jürgen Habermas
krytyka ze strony
Habermas objected that Gadamer’s rehabilitation of tradition and prejudice overlooks language as a medium of domination, which calls for critique of ideology (Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften, 1967). J. Habermas, Zur Logik der Sozialwissenschaften (1967), on Gadamer’s Wahrheit und Methode; “Der Universalitätsanspruch der Hermeneutik” (1970), in Hermeneutik und Ideologiekritik (1971)
Źródło: szkic AI
Jürgen Habermas › 1929–2026
Jacques Derrida
krytyka ze strony
At their Paris encounter in 1981 Derrida questioned Gadamer’s appeal to the ‘good will’ to understand, asking whether it does not belong to the metaphysics of the will. J. Derrida, “Bonnes volontés de puissance (Une réponse à Hans-Georg Gadamer)” (1981); D. Michelfelder & R. Palmer (eds.), Dialogue and Deconstruction: The Gadamer–Derrida Encounter (1989)
Źródło: szkic AI
Jacques Derrida › 1930–2004
Krytykuje 3
Immanuel Kant
krytykuje
Gadamer argued that Kant’s Critique of Judgement subjectivised aesthetics and so cut art off from the question of truth (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), part I (“Die Subjektivierung der Ästhetik durch die Kantische Kritik”)
Źródło: szkic AI
Immanuel Kant › 1724–1804
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher pod wpływem
pod wpływem ✓
Gadamer credited Schleiermacher with a universal hermeneutics and kept his circle of part and whole, shifting it to the subject matter (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); F. Schleiermacher, Hermeneutik und Kritik (ed. F. Lücke, 1838); SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
krytykuje
Gadamer criticised Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics for aiming to reconstruct the author’s individual intention, detaching understanding from the subject matter and from tradition (Truth and Method, 1960, part II). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), part I (“Rekonstruktion und Integration”) and part II, section I.1; SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”
Źródło: szkic AI
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher › 1768–1834
Wilhelm Dilthey pod wpływem
pod wpływem ✓
Gadamer took up Dilthey’s question of how the human sciences understand historical life and analysed his concepts of lived experience (Erlebnis) and expression (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); W. Dilthey, Der Aufbau der geschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften (1910); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”
krytykuje
Gadamer argued that Dilthey remained caught in the aporias of historicism, modelling the human sciences on the natural sciences’ ideal of objectivity (Truth and Method, 1960, part II). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), part II, section I.2 (“Diltheys Verstrickung in die Aporien des Historismus”)
Źródło: szkic AI
Wilhelm Dilthey › 1833–1911
Dzieła
- 1960Prawda i metoda
Rozumienie jako zlanie się horyzontów; rehabilitacja uprzedzeń.
Stanowisko
In Truth and Method Gadamer argued that understanding is not one method among others but the basic way humans exist in the world. We never understand from nowhere: our prejudices, shaped by tradition, are not simply obstacles but conditions of understanding. Every text speaks to us across history through its effects (Wirkungsgeschichte), and understanding happens as a “fusion of horizons” between the reader’s present and the text’s past. The model is conversation, in which truth emerges through dialogue rather than control. Art, too, reveals truth rather than merely pleasing. Gadamer made philosophical hermeneutics a major movement in the humanities, law and theology.
Życie i kontekst
Gadamer grew up in Breslau, studied in Marburg and became one of Heidegger’s closest students. After the war he served briefly as rector in Leipzig, then taught in Frankfurt and from 1949 in Heidelberg, succeeding Jaspers. His major work appeared when he was sixty; he remained active in debate with Habermas, Derrida and others until his death at 102.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Plato’s Dialectical Ethics (1931)
- Truth and Method (1960)
- Hegel’s Dialectic (1971)
- The Relevance of the Beautiful (1977)
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