苏赫拉瓦迪

Agora

苏赫拉瓦迪

1154–1191

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

实在是不同强度等级的光，而我们最真切地认识它，是通过直接的内在临在，而不是通过定义和证明。

定位

伊斯兰世界的哲学 · 西亚与北非 · 形而上学, 认识论, 宗教

光照哲学（ishraq）的创立者：实在是由诸光构成的等级体系，靠直接的临在而不是靠定义来认识；36岁时在阿勒颇被处死。

核心思想

光照哲学
临在的知识
诸光的等级

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影响

受影响于 2

柏拉图

受其影响
Suhrawardi called Plato the leader of wisdom and identified the Platonic Forms with the lights that govern each species (Philosophy of Illumination, 1186). Suhrawardi, Hikmat al-ishraq (1186), tr. J. Walbridge & H. Ziai (1999); SEP “Suhrawardi”
依据: AI 草稿
柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年
伊本·西那（阿维森纳）

受其影响
Suhrawardi was trained in Avicenna’s philosophy and wrote Peripatetic works such as The Intimations (al-Talwihat) before setting illumination against it as an alternative. Suhrawardi, al-Talwihat; SEP “Suhrawardi”
依据: AI 草稿
伊本·西那（阿维森纳） › 980–1037

影响了 8

阿西尔丁·阿卜哈里

影响了
Al-Abhari took up Suhrawardi’s criticism of the real distinction between essence and existence and incorporated Illuminationist ideas in several of his works. SEP “Suhrawardi” (C. Marcotte), citing H. Eichner (2012); SEP “Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Essence and Existence”
依据: AI 草稿
阿西尔丁·阿卜哈里 › 约1194–1265年
纳吉姆丁·卡提比

影响了
Like al-Abhari, al-Katibi responded to Suhrawardi’s criticism of the distinction between essence and existence. SEP “Suhrawardi” (C. Marcotte), citing H. Eichner (2012)
依据: AI 草稿
纳吉姆丁·卡提比 › 1203–1277
库特布丁·设拉子

影响了
Qutb al-Din’s commentary on the Philosophy of Illumination (1295) explains Suhrawardi’s logic, critique of the Peripatetics and metaphysics of lights; it supplanted Shahrazuri’s commentary. Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, Sharḥ Ḥikmat al-ishrāq, ed. A. Nourani and M. Mohaghegh (2001); SEP “Suhrawardi”; J. Walbridge (1992)
依据: AI 草稿
库特布丁·设拉子 › 1236–1311
贾拉勒丁·达瓦尼

影响了
Al-Dawani wrote a commentary on Suhrawardi’s Temples of Light (Shawākil al-ḥūr), reading the hierarchy of lights through Ibn Sina. al-Dawani, Shawākil al-ḥūr fī sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr (Madras 1953); SEP “Suhrawardi”; SEP “Arabic and Islamic Mysticism”
依据: AI 草稿
贾拉勒丁·达瓦尼 › 约1426–1502年
毛拉·萨德拉

影响了
Mulla Sadra wrote glosses on the commentary on Suhrawardi’s Philosophy of Illumination and transferred Suhrawardi’s gradation of light to existence itself. Mulla Sadra, Taliqat ala Sharh Hikmat al-ishraq; SEP “Mulla Sadra”; SEP “Suhrawardi”
依据: AI 草稿
毛拉·萨德拉 › 约1572–1640年
赛义德·侯赛因·纳赛尔

影响了 ✓
Nasr devoted the second lecture of Three Muslim Sages (1964) to Suhrawardi and edited his Persian works (Oeuvres philosophiques et mystiques III, 1970). S. H. Nasr, Three Muslim Sages (1964); Suhrawardi, Oeuvres philosophiques et mystiques III, ed. S. H. Nasr (1970)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
赛义德·侯赛因·纳赛尔 › 1933年生

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谢里夫·朱尔贾尼

影响了
Al-Jurjani wrote a commentary on Suhrawardi’s Philosophy of Illumination. SEP “Suhrawardi”, citing M. Kadivar (2011), 290–292
依据: AI 草稿
谢里夫·朱尔贾尼 › 1340–1413
米尔·达马德

影响了
Mir Damad, who wrote poetry under the pen name Ishraq (illumination), joined Suhrawardi’s illuminationist themes to Avicenna’s philosophy in the School of Isfahan. Encyclopaedia Iranica “Mir Damad”; Mir Damad, Diwan-i Ishraq
依据: AI 草稿
米尔·达马德 › 约1561–1631年

批评

批评了 1

亚里士多德

批评了
Suhrawardi rejected the Peripatetic theory of definition by genus and differentia and their categories, grounding knowledge in illumination and presence (Hikmat al-ishraq, 1186). Suhrawardī, Ḥikmat al-ishrāq (1186), tr. J. Walbridge & H. Ziai, 1999; SEP “Suhrawardi”
依据: AI 草稿
亚里士多德 › 公元前384—前322年

作品

1186光照哲学（Hikmat al-ishraq）
反对逍遥学派的定义：存在即光，知识即临在。

立场

Suhrawardi founded the philosophy of illumination (ishraq) as an alternative to Avicenna’s Aristotelian tradition. Definitions cannot give true knowledge, he argued, since defining a thing presupposes knowing its essential features. The most basic knowledge is knowledge by presence: the self knows itself directly, without concept or image. Reality is light in degrees of intensity, from the Light of Lights, God, through countless ranks of lights down to dark bodies; between the spiritual and the physical lies a world of images. He drew on Plato, Hermetic wisdom and the sages of ancient Persia, and his school lives on in Iranian philosophy to this day, notably through Mulla Sadra.

生平与背景

Shihab al-Din Yahya al-Suhrawardi was born in 1154 in Suhraward in north-western Iran. He studied philosophy in Maragha and Isfahan and wandered through Persia and Anatolia, seeking the company of Sufis. In Aleppo he won the friendship of its young governor, a son of Saladin, but jurists accused him of heresy. On Saladin’s orders he was executed in 1191, aged about 36.