库特布丁·设拉子

作品

• 1295《照明哲学》注

  1295年完成的对苏赫拉瓦迪《照明哲学》的注释：库特布丁逐句解释苏赫拉瓦迪的逻辑、他对逍遥学派的批评以及他的光之形而上学，并借助沙赫拉祖里较早的注释，而他自己的注释取代了后者；毛拉·萨德拉为它写了批注，亨利·科尔班也是从这部注释的一个抄本开始研究苏赫拉瓦迪的。

• 1306珍珠之冠

  1306年献给吉兰一个公国统治者的波斯文哲学与科学百科全书：逻辑、哲学、数学与天文、音乐和神学，为不懂阿拉伯文的读者而写。

立场

Qutb al-Din is on the map as a scholar who carried the work of the Maragha school into several fields at once. In astronomy he wrote The Limit of Comprehension (Nihāyat al-idrāk, 1281) and The Royal Gift (al-Tuḥfa al-shāhiyya, 1284), which proposed planetary models that avoid Ptolemy’s equant; his five-volume commentary on the general part of Ibn Sina’s Canon tried to settle the questions that earlier commentators, among them Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, had left open. His Persian encyclopedia The Pearly Crown (1306) presented logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and music for readers without Arabic. His most lasting philosophical work is the commentary on Suhrawardi’s Philosophy of Illumination, completed in 1295, which supplanted the earlier commentary of Shahrazuri. Qutb al-Din explains Suhrawardi’s logic, his critique of the Peripatetics and his metaphysics of lights, and stresses that Illuminationist knowledge rests on direct, intuitive presence that needs no definition; he identifies Suhrawardi’s “reality” of a thing with its quiddity. Through this commentary Suhrawardi was read in the following centuries: Mulla Sadra wrote glosses on it, and in the twentieth century Henry Corbin began his work on Suhrawardi with a copy of it. John Walbridge’s study The Science of Mystic Lights (1992) remains the standard account of his life and thought.

生平与背景

Qutb al-Din Mahmud ibn Masʿud al-Shirazi was born in October 1236 into a family of physicians in Shiraz. He was trained in medicine by his father and after his father’s death took over his post as ophthalmologist at the Muzaffari hospital; with other teachers he studied Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine. Around 1262 he went to the new observatory of Maragha, where he studied Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions and astronomy with Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and also learned from Najm al-Din al-Katibi and the astronomer Muʾayyad al-Din al-ʿUrdi. He then travelled widely – to Khorasan, Qazvin, Isfahan, Baghdad and Konya – served as chief judge in Sivas and Malatya in Anatolia and in 1282 went to Egypt as envoy of the Ilkhan Ahmad Tegüder to the Mamluk sultan Qalawun. In his later years he taught Ibn Sina’s Canon and Healing in Syria and then lived in Tabriz at the Mongol court, where he died on 7 February 1311.

其他主要作品

• Commentary on the Philosophy of Illumination (Sharḥ Ḥikmat al-ishrāq, 1295)
• The Pearly Crown (Durrat al-tāj, 1306)
• The Limit of Comprehension in the Science of the Heavens (Nihāyat al-idrāk, 1281)
• The Royal Gift on Astronomy (al-Tuḥfa al-shāhiyya, 1284)
• Commentary on the general part of Ibn Sina’s Canon (al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya)