米尔·达马德
世界在时间上没有开端，然而它确实在一个高于时间的层面上于非存在之后产生——所以它是被造的，而不是永恒的，并且完全依赖上帝。
定位
常被视为“伊斯法罕学派”的创立者，毛拉·萨德拉的老师：世界不是在时间中被创造的，而是在高于时间的一个层面“永恒”（dahr）中被创造——对世界是否永恒这一古老争论的一种新回答。
核心思想
- 永恒的创造（huduth dahri）
- 本质的优先性
- 伊本·西那与苏赫拉瓦迪的综合
学生: 毛拉·萨德拉
影响
受影响于 2
伊本·西那（阿维森纳）
受其影响
Mir Damad developed Avicenna’s distinction of time, perpetuity (dahr) and eternity into his doctrine that the world is ‘perpetually originated’ (Kitab al-Qabasat). Mir Damad, Kitab al-Qabasat; Encyclopaedia Iranica “Mir Damad”
依据: AI 草稿
伊本·西那（阿维森纳） › 980–1037
苏赫拉瓦迪
受其影响
Mir Damad, who wrote poetry under the pen name Ishraq (illumination), joined Suhrawardi’s illuminationist themes to Avicenna’s philosophy in the School of Isfahan. Encyclopaedia Iranica “Mir Damad”; Mir Damad, Diwan-i Ishraq
依据: AI 草稿
苏赫拉瓦迪 › 1154–1191
影响了 1
毛拉·萨德拉 教过
教过
Mulla Sadra studied the rational sciences in Isfahan with Mir Damad, as well as with Shaykh Bahai; no teaching licence (ijaza) from them survives, but the relation is not doubted. SEP “Mulla Sadra” (S. Rizvi); S. Rizvi, Mulla Sadra Shirazi: His Life and Works and the Sources for Safavid Philosophy (2007)
依据: AI 草稿
毛拉·萨德拉 › 约1572–1640年
作品
- 约1624年燃火之书（Kitab al-Qabasat）
米尔·达马德关于世界起源的主要著作：世界不是在时间之中被创造的，而是在高于时间的“永恒”秩序中被创造的。
立场
Mir Damad sought to settle the dispute between philosophers, who held the world eternal, and theologians, who held it created in time. He distinguished three dimensions: time (zaman), relating changing things to changing things; perpetuity (dahr), relating the changing to the unchanging; and everlastingness (sarmad), relating the unchanging to the unchanging God. The world is not preceded by empty time, yet it is truly preceded by non-being in dahr – it is “perpetually originated” (huduth dahri). Drawing on Avicenna, Suhrawardi and Shia theology, he is usually read as upholding the primacy of quiddity, which his pupil Mulla Sadra reversed. Admirers called him the “Third Teacher” after Aristotle and al-Farabi.
生平与背景
Muhammad Baqir Astarabadi, known as Mir Damad, was born probably around 1561 – some sources give earlier dates. His byname recalls that his father was the son-in-law (damad) of the great jurist al-Karaki. He studied in Mashhad and elsewhere, became shaykh al-islam of Isfahan under Shah Abbas I and also wrote Persian poetry as “Ishraq”. He died in 1631 on a journey to Iraq and was buried in Najaf.
其他主要作品
- The Straight Path (al-Sirat al-mustaqim, early 17th century)
- The Clear Horizon (al-Ufuq al-mubin, early 17th century)
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