纳吉姆丁·卡提比

作品

• 约1265年致沙姆斯丁的逻辑规则论（沙姆斯论集）

  为一位名叫沙姆斯丁的赞助人所写的简明逻辑教科书：词项与定义、命题及其模态、换位与矛盾、三段论；连同库特布丁·塔赫塔尼的注释和朱尔贾尼的批注，它数百年间一直是经学院的标准逻辑教材。

• 约1270年源泉之哲学

  在伊本·西那框架内论述形而上学和自然哲学的著作——存在及其划分、必然存在者、物体、灵魂和理智；连同其注释，在经学院中广为研读。

立场

Al-Katibi is on the map for the Treatise for Shams al-Din (al-Risāla al-Shamsiyya), a compact textbook of logic that madrasa students have read from the fourteenth century to the present. It defines logic as a rule whose observance guards the mind from error in thinking and moves from terms, definitions and propositions to conversion, contradiction and the syllogism. Its system rests on Ibn Sina’s temporal modal logic but goes further: where Ibn Sina had examined six modalities, al-Katibi treats thirteen modal propositions as customary to investigate. In reading propositions he took over al-Abhari’s framework, in which the subject may exist outside the mind, be merely possible or exist only in the mind. With the commentary of Qutb al-Din al-Razi al-Tahtani and the glosses of al-Sharif al-Jurjani the Shamsiyya became a standard text from Anatolia to India; al-Taftazani wrote a commentary of his own on it. His Philosophy of the Source (Ḥikmat al-ʿayn) presented metaphysics and natural philosophy largely in Ibn Sina’s terms and was, with al-Abhari’s Guide to Philosophy, one of the channels through which Avicennan metaphysics reached the schools; like al-Abhari, he also responded to Suhrawardi’s criticism of the distinction between essence and existence. He put critical questions to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s compendium of theology, al-Maʿālim, to which Ibn Kammuna added notes, and he analysed the Liar paradox, as al-Abhari did, as a self-contradiction. A complete edition and English translation of the Shamsiyya by Tony Street appeared in 2024.

生平与背景

Najm al-Din ʿAli ibn ʿUmar al-Katibi al-Qazwini was born in Qazvin around 1203 and belonged to the Shafiʿi school of law. He studied with Athir al-Din al-Abhari; there is some evidence that the two later fell out. In the Mongol period he became one of the most respected logicians and philosophers of Iran and worked at the observatory of Maragha, founded by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in 1259, in the circle of scholars around al-Tusi. He exchanged letters on logic and metaphysics with the Jewish philosopher Ibn Kammuna in Baghdad. Among his students was Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi. He died in 1276 or 1277; Wikidata gives 1277.

其他主要作品

• The Treatise for Shams al-Din on the Rules of Logic (al-Risāla al-Shamsiyya)
• The Philosophy of the Source (Ḥikmat al-ʿayn)
• Jāmiʿ al-daqāʾiq fī kashf al-ḥaqāʾiq, on logic
• Questions on Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s al-Maʿālim (with notes by Ibn Kammuna)
• Commentary on al-Khunaji’s Kashf al-asrār