布莱兹·帕斯卡
人既可怜又伟大，理性无法解决最深的问题，而心有它自己的理由。
定位
数学家和宗教思想家：心有其理由，而理性并不知道。
核心思想
- 帕斯卡赌注
- 精微精神（esprit de finesse）
- 人的悲惨与伟大
影响
受影响于 4
爱比克泰德
受其影响 ✓
In the Conversation with M. de Sacy (1655) Pascal praised Epictetus for knowing human duty and greatness, but held that, ignoring human weakness, he led to pride. B. Pascal, Entretien avec M. de Sacy sur Épictète et Montaigne (1655); SEP “Blaise Pascal”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
爱比克泰德 › 约50–135年
米歇尔·德·蒙田
受其影响 ✓
Pascal drew heavily on Montaigne’s Essays, above all the Apology for Raymond Sebond, for his picture of human misery, custom and diversion in the Pensées (1670). B. Pascal, Pensées (1670); Entretien avec M. de Sacy (1655); SEP “Blaise Pascal”
米歇尔·德·蒙田 › 1533–1592
安托万·阿尔诺
受其影响
When the Sorbonne moved to censure Arnauld in 1656, Pascal took up his cause and the Jansenist doctrine of grace in the Provincial Letters (1656–57). B. Pascal, Les Provinciales (1656–57); SEP “Blaise Pascal”; SEP “Antoine Arnauld”
依据: AI 草稿
安托万·阿尔诺 › 1612–1694
影响了 4
亚历克西·德·托克维尔
影响了 ✓
Tocqueville counted Pascal among three authors he ‘lived with’ daily (1836); Democracy in America (1840) holds up his disinterested passion for truth against democracy’s taste for useful science. A. de Tocqueville, letter to L. de Kergorlay (Nov. 1836); De la démocratie en Amérique II (1840); P. A. Rahe, Soft Despotism, Democracy’s Drift (2009)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
亚历克西·德·托克维尔 › 1805–1859
威廉·詹姆斯
米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺
影响了 ✓
Unamuno read Pascal as a kindred spirit of agonic faith, a belief that lives with doubt (‘Pascalian Faith’, 1923; The Agony of Christianity, 1925). M. de Unamuno, “La foi pascalienne”, Revue de métaphysique et de morale (1923); L’Agonie du christianisme (1925)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺 › 1864–1936
皮埃尔·布迪厄
影响了
In Pascalian Meditations (1997) Bourdieu took Pascal as guide against the scholastic illusion of pure reason, drawing on his view that custom and the body make belief. P. Bourdieu, Méditations pascaliennes (1997); B. Pascal, Pensées (1670); SEP “Blaise Pascal”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
皮埃尔·布迪厄 › 1930–2002
批评
受批评于 1
伏尔泰
受其批评
In the 25th of his Philosophical Letters (1734) Voltaire took the side of humanity ‘against that sublime misanthrope’ Pascal, rejecting his picture of human wretchedness and the wager. Voltaire, Lettres philosophiques (1734), Letter XXV, “Sur les Pensées de M. Pascal”
依据: AI 草稿
伏尔泰 › 1694–1778
批评了 1
勒内·笛卡尔
批评了
Pascal could not forgive Descartes for wanting to do without God, needing him only for a flick to set the world in motion (Pensées, fr. 1001 Lafuma). B. Pascal, Pensées, ed. Lafuma, fr. 1001 (Brunschvicg 77); fr. 887 (B 78: “Descartes inutile et incertain”)
依据: AI 草稿
勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650
作品
- 1670思想录
为基督教所作辩护的残篇：赌注、心灵、会思想的芦苇。
立场
Pascal described the human being as a “thinking reed”: fragile and lost between the infinitely large and the infinitely small, yet great because it knows its wretchedness. Reason has limits; besides the geometric mind there is the intuitive “spirit of finesse”, and the heart has its reasons that reason does not know. Since reason cannot prove or disprove God, he proposed his famous wager: betting on God costs little and may win infinite gain. Against the distractions with which we flee ourselves, he urged honest self-examination. His fragments, published as the Pensées, anticipated existentialist themes and remain a classic of religious thought.
生平与背景
Born in Clermont in 1623, Pascal was a mathematical prodigy who built a calculating machine as a young man, carried out experiments on the vacuum and, with Fermat, founded probability theory. After a religious experience in the night of 23 November 1654, which he recorded in his “Memorial”, he joined the circle of the Jansenists at Port-Royal and defended them in the Provincial Letters. Chronically ill, he died in Paris in 1662.
其他主要作品
- Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle (1654)
- Provincial Letters (1656–1657)
- Pensées (1670)
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