布鲁诺·拉图尔

Agora

布鲁诺·拉图尔

1947–2022

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

科学事实是由人和物的网络在实验室中生产出来的——而自然与社会的划分从来就不是真实的。

定位

自然科学与人文科学 · 西欧 · 科学, 社会与历史, 政治与法

科学社会学家：事实是在实验室里由人与物的网络制造出来的——而且“我们从未现代过”。

核心思想

行动者网络理论
物的能动性
对自然—社会二分的批判

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影响

受影响于 7

威廉·詹姆斯

受其影响
Latour took from James’s radical empiricism the claim that relations are given in experience, a premise of his Enquête sur les modes d’existence (2012). B. Latour, Enquête sur les modes d’existence (2012); W. James, Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912)
依据: AI 草稿
威廉·詹姆斯 › 1842–1910
加布里埃尔·塔尔德

受其影响
Latour presented Tarde as a forerunner of actor-network theory and took up his monadology of associations (‘Gabriel Tarde and the End of the Social’, 2002). B. Latour, “Gabriel Tarde and the End of the Social”, in P. Joyce (ed.), The Social in Question (2002); Reassembling the Social (2005); G. Tarde, Monadologie et sociologie (1893)
依据: AI 草稿
加布里埃尔·塔尔德 › 1843–1904
阿尔弗雷德·诺思·怀特海

受其影响
Latour took up Whitehead’s critique of the ‘bifurcation of nature’ for his ‘matters of concern’ (What Is the Style of Matters of Concern?, lectures 2005, publ. 2008). B. Latour, What Is the Style of Matters of Concern? Two Lectures in Empirical Philosophy (Spinoza Lectures 2005; publ. 2008); A. N. Whitehead, The Concept of Nature (1920); SEP “Alfred North Whitehead”
依据: AI 草稿
阿尔弗雷德·诺思·怀特海 › 1861–1947
托马斯·S. 库恩

受其影响
Latour followed Kuhn’s turn from the logic of science to the practice of scientific communities, but studied laboratories ethnographically rather than paradigms (Laboratory Life, with S. Woolgar, 1979). B. Latour and S. Woolgar, Laboratory Life (1979); B. Latour, Science in Action (1987); T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
依据: AI 草稿
托马斯·S. 库恩 › 1922–1996
菲利普·德斯科拉

受其影响
Latour took up Descola’s analysis of naturalism as one ontology among four to question the Moderns’ divide of nature and culture (‘Perspectivism: “Type” or “bomb”?’, 2009). B. Latour, “Perspectivism: ‘Type’ or ‘bomb’?”, Anthropology Today 25/2 (2009); Sur le culte moderne des dieux faitiches (1996; 2009); P. Descola, Par-delà nature et culture (2005)
依据: AI 草稿
菲利普·德斯科拉 › 1949年生
伊莎贝尔·斯唐热

受其影响
Latour took over Stengers’s term ‘cosmopolitics’ for a common world of humans and nonhumans to be composed politically (Politiques de la nature, 1999). B. Latour, Politiques de la nature (1999); I. Stengers, Cosmopolitiques (1997)
依据: AI 草稿
伊莎贝尔·斯唐热 › 1949年生
爱德华多·维韦罗斯·德卡斯特罗

受其影响
Latour took up Viveiros de Castro’s perspectivism and multinaturalism, which its author called a ‘bomb’ against the Moderns’ single nature (‘Perspectivism: “Type” or “bomb”?’, 2009). B. Latour, “Perspectivism: ‘Type’ or ‘bomb’?”, Anthropology Today 25/2 (2009); E. Viveiros de Castro, Métaphysiques cannibales (2009); D. Danowski and E. Viveiros de Castro, Há mundo por vir? (2014)
依据: AI 草稿
爱德华多·维韦罗斯·德卡斯特罗 › 1951年生

批评

批评了 1

伊曼努尔·康德

批评了
Latour read Kant’s split between things in themselves and the knowing subject as the moderns’ model ‘purification’ separating nature from society (We Have Never Been Modern, 1991). B. Latour, Nous n’avons jamais été modernes (1991)
依据: AI 草稿
伊曼努尔·康德 › 1724–1804

作品

1991我们从未现代过
现代人把自然与社会分开——却在不断生产两者的混合体。

立场

Latour studied scientists the way anthropologists study an unfamiliar culture, and found that facts are not simply discovered but laboriously made through instruments, texts, alliances and disputes. In his actor-network theory, things too – microbes, machines, measuring devices – act and help shape what is real. From this he drew a bold diagnosis: modernity claimed to separate nature and society cleanly, while in practice it produced ever more hybrids of both. “We have never been modern.” In his last decades he applied these ideas to ecology, calling for a “parliament of things” and a politics that takes the Earth as an actor seriously.

生平与背景

Latour was born in 1947 in Beaune in Burgundy into a family of winemakers. He studied philosophy and turned to anthropology during his civilian service in Côte d’Ivoire. Observing a laboratory at the Salk Institute in California shaped his first book. He taught at the École des Mines and from 2006 at Sciences Po in Paris. He died in Paris in 2022.