ब्रूनो लातूर
वैज्ञानिक तथ्य प्रयोगशालाओं में लोगों और वस्तुओं के जालों द्वारा उत्पन्न होते हैं – और प्रकृति तथा समाज का विभाजन कभी वास्तविक नहीं था।
पृष्ठभूमि
विज्ञान के समाजशास्त्री: तथ्य प्रयोगशालाओं में मनुष्यों और वस्तुओं के नेटवर्क द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं – और “हम कभी आधुनिक नहीं रहे।”
मुख्य विचार
- अभिनेता-नेटवर्क सिद्धांत
- वस्तुओं की कर्तृता
- प्रकृति–समाज विभाजन की आलोचना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 7
विलियम जेम्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour took from James’s radical empiricism the claim that relations are given in experience, a premise of his Enquête sur les modes d’existence (2012). B. Latour, Enquête sur les modes d’existence (2012); W. James, Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
विलियम जेम्स › 1842–1910
गाब्रिएल तार्द
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour presented Tarde as a forerunner of actor-network theory and took up his monadology of associations (‘Gabriel Tarde and the End of the Social’, 2002). B. Latour, “Gabriel Tarde and the End of the Social”, in P. Joyce (ed.), The Social in Question (2002); Reassembling the Social (2005); G. Tarde, Monadologie et sociologie (1893)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गाब्रिएल तार्द › 1843–1904
अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour took up Whitehead’s critique of the ‘bifurcation of nature’ for his ‘matters of concern’ (What Is the Style of Matters of Concern?, lectures 2005, publ. 2008). B. Latour, What Is the Style of Matters of Concern? Two Lectures in Empirical Philosophy (Spinoza Lectures 2005; publ. 2008); A. N. Whitehead, The Concept of Nature (1920); SEP “Alfred North Whitehead”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अल्फ्रेड नार्थ ह्वाइटहेड › 1861–1947
थॉमस एस. कुहन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour followed Kuhn’s turn from the logic of science to the practice of scientific communities, but studied laboratories ethnographically rather than paradigms (Laboratory Life, with S. Woolgar, 1979). B. Latour and S. Woolgar, Laboratory Life (1979); B. Latour, Science in Action (1987); T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
थॉमस एस. कुहन › 1922–1996
फ़िलिप देस्कोला
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour took up Descola’s analysis of naturalism as one ontology among four to question the Moderns’ divide of nature and culture (‘Perspectivism: “Type” or “bomb”?’, 2009). B. Latour, “Perspectivism: ‘Type’ or ‘bomb’?”, Anthropology Today 25/2 (2009); Sur le culte moderne des dieux faitiches (1996; 2009); P. Descola, Par-delà nature et culture (2005)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़िलिप देस्कोला › जन्म 1949
इज़ाबेल स्तांजे
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour took over Stengers’s term ‘cosmopolitics’ for a common world of humans and nonhumans to be composed politically (Politiques de la nature, 1999). B. Latour, Politiques de la nature (1999); I. Stengers, Cosmopolitiques (1997)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इज़ाबेल स्तांजे › जन्म 1949
एदुआर्दो वीवेइरोस दे कास्त्रो
जिनसे प्रभावित
Latour took up Viveiros de Castro’s perspectivism and multinaturalism, which its author called a ‘bomb’ against the Moderns’ single nature (‘Perspectivism: “Type” or “bomb”?’, 2009). B. Latour, “Perspectivism: ‘Type’ or ‘bomb’?”, Anthropology Today 25/2 (2009); E. Viveiros de Castro, Métaphysiques cannibales (2009); D. Danowski and E. Viveiros de Castro, Há mundo por vir? (2014)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एदुआर्दो वीवेइरोस दे कास्त्रो › जन्म 1951
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
इमानुएल कांट
जिनकी आलोचना की
Latour read Kant’s split between things in themselves and the knowing subject as the moderns’ model ‘purification’ separating nature from society (We Have Never Been Modern, 1991). B. Latour, Nous n’avons jamais été modernes (1991)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
कृतियाँ
आधुनिकों ने प्रकृति और समाज को अलग किया – जबकि दोनों के लगातार अधिक संकर रचते रहे।
मत
Latour studied scientists the way anthropologists study an unfamiliar culture, and found that facts are not simply discovered but laboriously made through instruments, texts, alliances and disputes. In his actor-network theory, things too – microbes, machines, measuring devices – act and help shape what is real. From this he drew a bold diagnosis: modernity claimed to separate nature and society cleanly, while in practice it produced ever more hybrids of both. “We have never been modern.” In his last decades he applied these ideas to ecology, calling for a “parliament of things” and a politics that takes the Earth as an actor seriously.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Latour was born in 1947 in Beaune in Burgundy into a family of winemakers. He studied philosophy and turned to anthropology during his civilian service in Côte d’Ivoire. Observing a laboratory at the Salk Institute in California shaped his first book. He taught at the École des Mines and from 2006 at Sciences Po in Paris. He died in Paris in 2022.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Laboratory Life (1979)
- Science in Action (1987)
- We Have Never Been Modern (1991)
- Politics of Nature (1999)
- Facing Gaia (2015)
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