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艾丽斯·玛丽昂·扬

1949–2006

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

正义不只是关于谁得到什么，而是关于终结压迫和支配，它们在日常生活中有许多种面孔。

定位

政治哲学与伦理学（20—21世纪） · 北美 · 政治与法, 社会与历史, 伦理学, 性别与女性主义

政治哲学家：正义不只是分配，还在于没有压迫和支配，而压迫有五张面孔；“像女孩那样扔球”显示了身体如何从社会中学到自己的局限。

核心思想

  • 压迫的五张面孔
  • 差异的政治
  • 像女孩那样扔球

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦

    受其影响 ✓

    Young started from Beauvoir’s account of woman as both subject and object to describe the inhibited bodily comportment of girls (‘Throwing Like a Girl’, 1980). I. M. Young, “Throwing Like a Girl”, Human Studies 3 (1980); S. de Beauvoir, Le Deuxième Sexe (1949)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦 › 1908–1986

  • 莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂

    受其影响

    Young applied Merleau-Ponty’s motor intentionality to feminine bodily comportment, finding an ‘inhibited intentionality’ caught between ‘I can’ and ‘I cannot’ (‘Throwing Like a Girl’, 1980). I. M. Young, “Throwing Like a Girl”, Human Studies 3 (1980); M. Merleau-Ponty, Phénoménologie de la perception (1945)

    依据: AI 草稿

    莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂 › 1908–1961

  • 米歇尔·福柯

    受其影响

    Young drew on Foucault’s analysis of power in everyday practices to define oppression as structural, not as rule by tyrants (Justice and the Politics of Difference, 1990). I. M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990); M. Foucault, Surveiller et punir (1975)

    依据: AI 草稿

    米歇尔·福柯 › 1926–1984

  • 尤尔根·哈贝马斯

    受其影响

    Young took up Habermas’s discourse model of deliberative democracy but widened it to include greeting, rhetoric and narrative as forms of political communication (Inclusion and Democracy, 2000). I. M. Young, Inclusion and Democracy (2000); “Communication and the Other”, in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference (1996)

    依据: AI 草稿

    尤尔根·哈贝马斯 › 1929–2026

影响了 1

  • 萨莉·哈斯兰格

    影响了

    Haslanger took up Young’s account of oppression as structural, arising from institutions and practices rather than individual ill will (‘Oppressions: Racial and Other’, 2004; Resisting Reality, 2012). S. Haslanger, “Oppressions: Racial and Other”, in M. P. Levine and T. Pataki (eds.), Racism in Mind (2004); Resisting Reality (2012); I. M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990)

    依据: AI 草稿

    萨莉·哈斯兰格 › 1955年生

批评

相互批评 1

  • 南希·弗雷泽 ⇄ 相互

    批评了

    Young objected that Fraser’s dual framework of redistribution and recognition splits apart what belongs together: cultural and economic injustice are intertwined in the same structures (‘Unruly Categories’, 1997). I. M. Young, “Unruly Categories: A Critique of Nancy Fraser’s Dual Systems Theory”, New Left Review 222 (1997); reply: N. Fraser, “A Rejoinder to Iris Young”, New Left Review 223 (1997)

    依据: AI 草稿

    受其批评

    Fraser objected that Young’s Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990) runs together cultural and political-economic injustice and affirms group differences that justice may require abolishing (1995). N. Fraser, “Recognition or Redistribution? A Critical Reading of Iris Young’s Justice and the Politics of Difference”, Journal of Political Philosophy 3 (1995); I. M. Young, “Unruly Categories”, New Left Review 222 (1997)

    依据: AI 草稿

    南希·弗雷泽 › 1947年生

批评了 2

  • 汉娜·阿伦特

    批评了

    Young took up Arendt’s distinction between guilt and political responsibility but tied responsibility to participation in unjust structures, not to membership in a polity (Responsibility for Justice, 2011). I. M. Young, Responsibility for Justice (2011), ch. 3 “Guilt versus Responsibility: A Reading and Partial Critique of Hannah Arendt”; H. Arendt, “Collective Responsibility” (1968)

    依据: AI 草稿

    汉娜·阿伦特 › 1906–1975

  • 约翰·罗尔斯

    批评了

    Young argued that the ‘distributive paradigm’ dominant since Rawls misses institutional structures of oppression and domination (Justice and the Politics of Difference, 1990, ch. 1). I. M. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990), ch. 1

    依据: AI 草稿

    约翰·罗尔斯 › 1921–2002

作品

  • 1980像女孩那样扔

    一种关于女性身体举止的现象学：女孩如何学会抑制自己的动作。

  • 1990正义与差异政治

    压迫的五副面孔——剥削、边缘化、无权力、文化帝国主义、暴力——以及对分配范式的批判。

立场

Young’s early essay “Throwing Like a Girl” applied Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology to Beauvoir’s claim that women are made, not born: girls learn to move within a limited space and to treat their bodies as fragile objects, and this comportment is social, not natural. “Justice and the Politics of Difference” argued that the “distributive paradigm” dominant since Rawls misses what justice is mostly about: institutional structures that oppress and dominate. She distinguished five faces of oppression – exploitation, marginalisation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism and violence – and defended a politics in which difference is represented rather than assimilated.

生平与背景

Iris Marion Young (1949–2006) was born in New York, studied at Queens College and Pennsylvania State University and taught at Worcester Polytechnic, Pittsburgh and, from 2000, the University of Chicago. She combined political theory with feminist activism and work on urban policy, and was a visiting fellow in Princeton, Frankfurt and Canberra. She died of cancer at fifty-seven, leaving a last book on responsibility for structural injustice, published posthumously.

其他主要作品

  • Throwing Like a Girl (1980)
  • Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990)
  • Inclusion and Democracy (2000)
  • Responsibility for Justice (2011)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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