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塞克斯都·恩披里柯

约160–210年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

对每一个论证，都有一个同样有力的反面论证，所以明智的回应是悬搁判断并保持平静。

定位

希腊化时期、罗马与古代晚期哲学 · 认识论

传承了皮浪式怀疑论；他的著作被重新发现后，影响了蒙田和笛卡尔。

核心思想

  • 怀疑论的方式（式）
  • 等效性（isostheneia）

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 埃利斯的皮浪

    受其影响

    Sextus called his scepticism Pyrrhonian because Pyrrho seemed to have devoted himself to it more fully than anyone before (Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7). Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7; SEP “Sextus Empiricus”; SEP “Pyrrho”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    埃利斯的皮浪 › 约公元前360—前270年年

影响了 4

  • 米歇尔·德·蒙田

    影响了

    In the ‘Apology for Raymond Sebond’ Montaigne took up Sextus’ Pyrrhonian modes against human reason, available in Henri Estienne’s Latin translation of 1562 (Essays II.12). M. de Montaigne, Essais II.12; Sextus Empiricus, Pyrrhoniarum hypotyposeon libri III, Latin tr. H. Estienne (1562); SEP “Michel de Montaigne”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    米歇尔·德·蒙田 › 1533–1592

  • 皮埃尔·伽桑狄

    影响了

    Gassendi’s early Paradoxical Exercises against the Aristotelians (1624) used the sceptical arguments of Sextus, which he later moderated into a constructive scepticism about appearances. P. Gassendi, Exercitationes paradoxicae adversus Aristoteleos (1624); R. H. Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle (2003); SEP “Pierre Gassendi”

    依据: AI 草稿

    皮埃尔·伽桑狄 › 1592–1655

  • 勒内·笛卡尔

    影响了

    Descartes’ doubt in the Meditations (1641) uses the sceptical arguments revived from Sextus; in the Second Replies he says he had seen many ancient sceptical writings. R. Descartes, Meditationes (1641), First Meditation and Second Replies; R. H. Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle (2003); SEP “Ancient Skepticism”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650

  • 皮埃尔·培尔

    影响了

    Bayle’s article ‘Pyrrho’ (Dictionary, 1697) renewed the sceptical arguments preserved by Sextus and argued that reason cannot defend Christian doctrine, which rests on faith alone. P. Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique (1697), “Pyrrhon”; R. H. Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle (2003); SEP “Pierre Bayle”

    依据: AI 草稿

    皮埃尔·培尔 › 1647–1706

批评

批评了 2

  • 克律西波斯

    批评了

    Sextus Empiricus turned Chrysippus’ Stoic logic against itself, contesting the criterion of truth, proof and the indicative sign (Outlines of Pyrrhonism II; Against the Logicians). Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism II.14–192; Adversus mathematicos VII–VIII; SEP “Sextus Empiricus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    克律西波斯 › 约公元前279—前206年年

  • 卡涅阿德斯

    批评了

    Sextus set Pyrrhonism apart from Carneades’ New Academy, whose claim that nothing can be known and trust in the ‘persuasive’ he judged dogmatic. Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.220–235

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡涅阿德斯 › 约公元前214—前129年年

作品

  • 约200年皮浪学说概要

    对每一个论证，都有一个同等有力的论证与之对立。

立场

Sextus presents scepticism not as a doctrine but as an ability: to set opposing appearances and arguments against each other with equal force (isostheneia), so that one suspends judgement (epochē). Tranquillity then follows “as a shadow follows a body”. With the modes of Aenesidemus and Agrippa he shows that every claim to knowledge either rests on unproven assumptions, leads to an infinite regress or argues in a circle. The sceptic still lives by appearances, custom and the arts, but without dogmatic belief. The rediscovery of his works in the sixteenth century set off the sceptical crisis to which Montaigne, Descartes and Hume responded.

生平与背景

Sextus Empiricus was a Greek physician and philosopher who probably lived in the late second century CE; his name suggests that he belonged to the Empiricist school of medicine. Little else is known about his life, not even where he taught. His writings are our most complete source for ancient Pyrrhonian scepticism.

其他主要作品

  • Outlines of Pyrrhonism (c. 200 CE)
  • Against the Mathematicians (Adversus Mathematicos, c. 200 CE)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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