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埃利斯的皮浪

约公元前360—前270年年

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既然我们对任何事情都无法确定，就应当悬搁判断——而正是这种克制带来心灵的平静。

定位

希腊化时期、罗马与古代晚期哲学 · 南欧 · 认识论, 伦理学

后来的怀疑论者以他的名字命名自己的学派（皮浪主义）：悬搁判断带来灵魂的宁静。

核心思想

  • 悬搁判断（epoché）
  • 不动心（ataraxia）

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 德谟克利特

    受其影响

    Pyrrho studied with the Democritean Anaxarchus, and Philo of Athens said he cited Democritus most; Democritus’ distrust of the senses is a likely source of his scepticism. Diogenes Laertius IX.61, IX.67; Democritus, DK 68 B9, B117; SEP “Pyrrho”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    德谟克利特 › 约公元前460—前370年年

影响了 3

  • 伊壁鸠鲁

    影响了 存在争议 ✓

    Epicurus’ teacher Nausiphanes had heard Pyrrho, and Epicurus admired Pyrrho’s way of life, often asking about him; any doctrinal debt is disputed (Diogenes Laertius IX.64). Diogenes Laertius IX.64, IX.69, X.8; SEP “Pyrrho”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO

    伊壁鸠鲁 › 公元前341—前270年

  • 阿尔凯西劳斯

    影响了 存在争议

    The Stoic Ariston mocked Arcesilaus as ‘Plato in front, Pyrrho behind, Diodorus in the middle’; how much his suspension of judgement owed to Pyrrho is disputed. Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.234; Diogenes Laertius IV.33; SEP “Arcesilaus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿尔凯西劳斯 › 约公元前316—前241年年

  • 塞克斯都·恩披里柯

    影响了

    Sextus called his scepticism Pyrrhonian because Pyrrho seemed to have devoted himself to it more fully than anyone before (Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7). Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7; SEP “Sextus Empiricus”; SEP “Pyrrho”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    塞克斯都·恩披里柯 › 约160–210年

立场

Pyrrho is regarded as the founder of Greek scepticism. According to Timon, he taught that things are by nature indistinguishable, unmeasurable and undecidable, so that neither our perceptions nor our opinions are true or false. The fitting response is to remain without opinions, to suspend judgement and to say of each thing that it no more is than is not. The result is not despair but tranquillity (ataraxia), freedom from the worries that firm beliefs bring. Later sceptics such as Aenesidemus and Sextus Empiricus named their movement after him, and through them scepticism reached Montaigne and modern philosophy.

生平与背景

Pyrrho of Elis, originally a painter, accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaign to India together with the philosopher Anaxarchus, and is said to have met Indian ascetics there. Back in Elis he led a quiet life and was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. He wrote nothing; his ideas were recorded by his pupil Timon of Phlius.

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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