朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娃

Agora

朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娃

1941年生

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在语言有序的结构之下，运作着一种由驱力构成的身体节奏，而自我是通过排斥令它厌恶的东西而形成的。

定位

结构主义与后结构主义 · 东欧 · 语言, 存在与自我, 社会与历史, 性别与女性主义

保加利亚裔法国理论家和精神分析学家：在语言的象征秩序之下运作着“符号态”（le sémiotique），即驱力的身体节奏；卑贱物（abject）标记着自我为成为自我而排斥掉的东西。

核心思想

符号态与象征态
互文性
卑贱（abjection）

老师: 罗兰·巴特

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 7

阿维拉的特蕾莎

受其影响
Kristeva devoted the narrative study Thérèse mon amour (2008) to Teresa of Ávila, reading her ecstasies and writing as an experience of love and belief open to psychoanalysis. J. Kristeva, Thérèse mon amour. Sainte Thérèse d’Avila (2008)
依据: AI 草稿
阿维拉的特蕾莎 › 1515–1582
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

受其影响
Kristeva reinterpreted Hegel’s negativity as the movement of the drives, which she called rejection and found at work in poetic language (La révolution du langage poétique, 1974). J. Kristeva, La révolution du langage poétique (1974)
依据: AI 草稿
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德

受其影响 ✓
Kristeva grounded her distinction between the semiotic and the symbolic in Freud’s theory of the drives (La révolution du langage poétique, 1974) and practised as a psychoanalyst. J. Kristeva, La révolution du langage poétique (1974); Pouvoirs de l’horreur (1980)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 › 1856–1939
米哈伊尔·巴赫金

受其影响 ✓
In ‘Le mot, le dialogue et le roman’ (1967) Kristeva derived intertextuality from Bakhtin’s dialogism: every text absorbs and transforms other texts. J. Kristeva, “Le mot, le dialogue et le roman”, Critique (1967), in Sēmeiōtikē. Recherches pour une sémanalyse (1969)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
米哈伊尔·巴赫金 › 1895–1975
雅克·拉康

受其影响 ✓
Kristeva took up Lacan’s symbolic order and mirror stage but placed before them a ‘semiotic’ level of drives and rhythms (La révolution du langage poétique, 1974). J. Kristeva, La révolution du langage poétique (1974); J. Lacan, “Le stade du miroir” (1949), in Écrits (1966); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO
雅克·拉康 › 1901–1981
罗兰·巴特师从

师从 ✓
Kristeva came to Paris at the end of 1965 on a French government scholarship and attended Barthes’s seminar at the École pratique des hautes études; her doctoral thesis (1969, Le texte du roman) was supervised by Lucien Goldmann. Barthes reviewed her Sèméiôtikè as ‘L’étrangère’ (1970). J. Kristeva, “My Memory’s Hyperbole” (1984); R. Barthes, “L’étrangère”, La Quinzaine littéraire (1970)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
罗兰·巴特 › 1915–1980
玛丽·道格拉斯

受其影响
Kristeva built her theory of the abject on Douglas’s analysis of dirt as matter out of place that threatens order, adding a psychoanalytic account (Pouvoirs de l’horreur, 1980). J. Kristeva, Pouvoirs de l’horreur (1980); M. Douglas, Purity and Danger (1966)
依据: AI 草稿
玛丽·道格拉斯 › 1921–2007

批评

受批评于 1

朱迪斯·巴特勒

受其批评
Butler objected that Kristeva’s semiotic, rooted in a pre-paternal maternal body, naturalises maternity and remains subordinate to the paternal law it contests (Gender Trouble, 1990, ch. 3). J. Butler, Gender Trouble (1990), ch. 3.1 “The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva”
依据: AI 草稿
朱迪斯·巴特勒 › 1956年生

作品

1974诗性语言的革命
象征语言之下的符号性 chora，通过马拉美和洛特雷阿蒙来阅读。
1980恐怖的权力
卑贱（abjection）：主体为了成为主体而排除的东西——污秽、尸体、母性。

立场

Kristeva distinguishes two modes of signification. The symbolic is the order of grammar, logic and the law; the semiotic is the pre-verbal flow of drives and rhythms, bound to the maternal body, which persists within language as its music, its breaks and its excesses. Poetic language – Mallarmé, Lautréamont, Céline – lets the semiotic erupt and so revolutionises the subject; this is why she treats literature as a political matter. “Powers of Horror” introduces the abject: not an object but what the subject must expel – filth, waste, the corpse, the maternal – in order to have a boundary at all. Her later studies treat melancholia, love and the foreigner within each of us.

生平与背景

Julia Kristeva (born 1941 in Sliven, Bulgaria) came to Paris on a scholarship in 1965, joined Roland Barthes’s seminar and the group around the journal Tel Quel, and married the writer Philippe Sollers. She introduced the work of Mikhail Bakhtin to French readers, trained as a psychoanalyst and taught at the University of Paris VII. She has also written novels and studies of Arendt, Klein and Colette. Her 1970s support for Maoism has been criticised.