罗兰·巴特
日常文化中充满了隐藏的神话，它们使人造之物显得自然——而一个文本属于它的读者，而不属于它的作者。
定位
解读日常生活的神话，并宣告“作者之死”。
核心思想
- 日常生活的神话
- 作者之死
- 刺点（punctum）
影响
受影响于 5
费迪南·德·索绪尔
受其影响 ✓
Barthes applied Saussure’s signifier and signified to myth as a second-order sign system (Mythologies, 1957) and systematised his concepts for a general semiology (1964). R. Barthes, Mythologies (1957); Éléments de sémiologie (1964); F. de Saussure, Cours de linguistique générale (1916)
费迪南·德·索绪尔 › 1857–1913
让-保罗·萨特
受其影响 ✓
Barthes answered Sartre’s What Is Literature? (1948) by locating the writer’s commitment in écriture, the choice of a form of writing (Writing Degree Zero, 1953). R. Barthes, Le degré zéro de l’écriture (1953); La chambre claire (1980), dedicated to Sartre’s L’Imaginaire; J.-P. Sartre, Qu’est-ce que la littérature? (1948)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
让-保罗·萨特 › 1905–1980
克洛德·列维-斯特劳斯
受其影响
Barthes took Lévi-Strauss’s structural analysis of myth as a model for analysing narratives as combinations of units and functions (‘Introduction à l’analyse structurale des récits’, 1966). R. Barthes, “Introduction à l’analyse structurale des récits”, Communications 8 (1966); “L’activité structuraliste” (1963), in Essais critiques (1964)
依据: AI 草稿
克洛德·列维-斯特劳斯 › 1908–2009
阿尔贝·加缪
受其影响 ✓
Barthes took Camus’s L’Étranger (1942) as the model of a neutral, ‘white’ writing in Writing Degree Zero (1953), after an early essay on its style (1944). R. Barthes, Le degré zéro de l’écriture (1953); “Réflexion sur le style de L’Étranger” (1944); SEP “Albert Camus”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
阿尔贝·加缪 › 1913–1960
影响了 4
让·鲍德里亚
影响了 ✓
Baudrillard applied Barthes’s semiology of myth and fashion to consumer goods, analysing everyday objects as a system of signs (Le système des objets, 1968). J. Baudrillard, Le système des objets (1968); R. Barthes, Mythologies (1957); Système de la mode (1967); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
让·鲍德里亚 › 1929–2007
斯图尔特·霍尔
影响了
Hall used Barthes’s denotation and connotation, and his analysis of myth, to show how television encodes preferred meanings (‘Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse’, 1973). S. Hall, “Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse”, CCCS Stencilled Occasional Paper 7 (1973); R. Barthes, Mythologies (1957); Éléments de sémiologie (1964)
依据: AI 草稿
斯图尔特·霍尔 › 1932–2014
茨维坦·托多罗夫 教过
教过
Todorov came to Paris from Sofia in 1963, joined Barthes’s seminar at the École pratique des hautes études and wrote his doctoral thesis on Laclos’s Les liaisons dangereuses under his supervision (Littérature et signification, 1967). T. Todorov, Devoirs et délices. Une vie de passeur, with C. Portevin (2002) (passage not checked)
依据: AI 草稿
茨维坦·托多罗夫 › 1939–2017
朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娃 教过
教过 ✓
Kristeva came to Paris at the end of 1965 on a French government scholarship and attended Barthes’s seminar at the École pratique des hautes études; her doctoral thesis (1969, Le texte du roman) was supervised by Lucien Goldmann. Barthes reviewed her Sèméiôtikè as ‘L’étrangère’ (1970). J. Kristeva, “My Memory’s Hyperbole” (1984); R. Barthes, “L’étrangère”, La Quinzaine littéraire (1970)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娃 › 1941年生
作品
立场
Barthes applied the science of signs to the everyday culture of modern France: wrestling matches, detergent advertising, a new Citroën. In Mythologies he showed how such signs transform history and ideology into something seemingly natural – that is what he called “myth.” Later, in the famous essay “The Death of the Author,” he argued that a text’s meaning is not determined by its author’s intention but is produced in reading; “the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.” His later works became more personal: The Pleasure of the Text reflected on reading as enjoyment, Camera Lucida on photography and mourning, introducing the “punctum,” the detail that pierces the viewer. Barthes shaped literary and cultural studies worldwide.
生平与背景
Barthes was born in Cherbourg in 1915; his father died in a naval battle the following year. Long periods in tuberculosis sanatoria delayed his academic career. He taught at the École pratique des hautes études in Paris and was elected to the Collège de France in 1976. In 1980 he died after being struck by a van on a Paris street.
其他主要作品
- Writing Degree Zero (1953)
- Mythologies (1957)
- The Death of the Author (1967)
- The Pleasure of the Text (1973)
- Camera Lucida (1980)
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