ولفريد سيلارز
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التموضع
نقد «أسطورة المعطى»؛ الصورة الظاهرة والصورة العلمية.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- أسطورة المعطى
- فضاء الأسباب
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 4
إيمانويل كانط
تأثّر بـ
Sellars took up Kant’s distinction between sensibility and understanding for his account of sensory and conceptual elements in perception (Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes, 1968). W. Sellars, Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes (John Locke Lectures 1965–66; publ. 1968); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
إيمانويل كانط › 1724–1804
تشارلز ساندرز برس
تأثّر بـ
Sellars took over Peirce’s idea of truth as the ideal end of inquiry, calling the final conceptual framework of science ‘Peirceish’ (Science and Metaphysics, 1968). W. Sellars, Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes (1968); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”; SEP “Charles Sanders Peirce”
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تشارلز ساندرز برس › 1839–1914
لودفيغ فيتغنشتاين
تأثّر بـ
Sellars took up Wittgenstein’s language games and met the regress of rules with pattern-governed behaviour that precedes explicit rule-obeying (‘Some Reflections on Language Games’, 1954). W. Sellars, “Some Reflections on Language Games”, Philosophy of Science 21 (1954); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
لودفيغ فيتغنشتاين › 1889–1951
رودولف كارناب
تأثّر بـ
Sellars developed Carnap’s logical syntax and semantics into a ‘pure pragmatics’ of rule-governed language, the frame of his later epistemology (‘Pure Pragmatics and Epistemology’, 1947). W. Sellars, “Pure Pragmatics and Epistemology”, Philosophy of Science 14 (1947); “Autobiographical Reflections” (1975); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
رودولف كارناب › 1891–1970
أثّر في 1
ريتشارد رورتي
أثّر في
Rorty took Sellars’s critique of the ‘Myth of the Given’ (1956) as a key argument against foundationalism, later introducing the 1997 edition of the essay. W. Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1956), introd. R. Rorty (1997); R. Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979); SEP “Richard Rorty”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
ريتشارد رورتي › 1931–2007
النقد
ينتقد 2
بيرتراند راسل
انتقد
Sellars argued that Russell’s acquaintance either involves concepts or is not knowledge (‘Acquaintance and Description Again’, 1949), later calling such views the ‘Myth of the Given’ (1956). W. Sellars, “Acquaintance and Description Again”, Journal of Philosophy 46 (1949); “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (1956); B. Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (1912), ch. 5
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
بيرتراند راسل › 1872–1970
ألفرد آير
انتقد
Sellars’s ‘Myth of the Given’ critique targeted sense-datum theories; he examined Ayer’s view of sense-datum talk as ‘another language’ (‘Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind’, 1956, §§ 8–9). W. Sellars, “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (1956), part II, §§ 8–9; A. J. Ayer, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (1940)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
ألفرد آير › 1910–1989
الأعمال
أسطورة المعطى.
الموقف
Sellars’ most famous target was the “myth of the given”: the idea that knowledge rests on a foundation of pure sensory givens that are known without any concepts. Even the simplest perceptual report, he argued, already stands in the “logical space of reasons” – it can be justified and challenged and presupposes mastery of a whole conceptual system. Sellars also described the tension between the “manifest image” of the world, in which we experience ourselves as persons, and the “scientific image” of particles and processes, and sought to unite them in a single “stereoscopic” view. His work founded the so-called Pittsburgh School; Richard Rorty, Robert Brandom and John McDowell built on it.
الحياة والسياق
Sellars was born in Ann Arbor in 1912, the son of the philosopher Roy Wood Sellars. He studied in Michigan, Buffalo and, as a Rhodes Scholar, at Oxford, then taught in Iowa, Minnesota and at Yale. From 1963 he worked at the University of Pittsburgh. With Herbert Feigl he founded the journal Philosophical Studies.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man (1962)
- Science, Perception and Reality (1963)
- Science and Metaphysics (1968)
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