Wilfrid Sellars
Nic nie jest nam po prostu dane w doświadczeniu bez pojęć – wiedzieć znaczy umieć podać racje, w obrębie przestrzeni racji.
Umiejscowienie
Krytyka „mitu tego, co dane”; obraz manifestowy i obraz naukowy.
Kluczowe idee
- Mit tego, co dane
- Przestrzeń racji
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 4
Immanuel Kant
pod wpływem
Sellars took up Kant’s distinction between sensibility and understanding for his account of sensory and conceptual elements in perception (Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes, 1968). W. Sellars, Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes (John Locke Lectures 1965–66; publ. 1968); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
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Immanuel Kant › 1724–1804
Charles Sanders Peirce
pod wpływem
Sellars took over Peirce’s idea of truth as the ideal end of inquiry, calling the final conceptual framework of science ‘Peirceish’ (Science and Metaphysics, 1968). W. Sellars, Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes (1968); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”; SEP “Charles Sanders Peirce”
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Charles Sanders Peirce › 1839–1914
Ludwig Wittgenstein
pod wpływem
Sellars took up Wittgenstein’s language games and met the regress of rules with pattern-governed behaviour that precedes explicit rule-obeying (‘Some Reflections on Language Games’, 1954). W. Sellars, “Some Reflections on Language Games”, Philosophy of Science 21 (1954); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
Źródło: szkic AI
Ludwig Wittgenstein › 1889–1951
Rudolf Carnap
pod wpływem
Sellars developed Carnap’s logical syntax and semantics into a ‘pure pragmatics’ of rule-governed language, the frame of his later epistemology (‘Pure Pragmatics and Epistemology’, 1947). W. Sellars, “Pure Pragmatics and Epistemology”, Philosophy of Science 14 (1947); “Autobiographical Reflections” (1975); SEP “Wilfrid Sellars”
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Rudolf Carnap › 1891–1970
Wpływ na 1
Richard Rorty
wpływ na
Rorty took Sellars’s critique of the ‘Myth of the Given’ (1956) as a key argument against foundationalism, later introducing the 1997 edition of the essay. W. Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1956), introd. R. Rorty (1997); R. Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979); SEP “Richard Rorty”
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Richard Rorty › 1931–2007
Krytyka
Krytykuje 2
Bertrand Russell
krytykuje
Sellars argued that Russell’s acquaintance either involves concepts or is not knowledge (‘Acquaintance and Description Again’, 1949), later calling such views the ‘Myth of the Given’ (1956). W. Sellars, “Acquaintance and Description Again”, Journal of Philosophy 46 (1949); “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (1956); B. Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (1912), ch. 5
Źródło: szkic AI
Bertrand Russell › 1872–1970
Alfred Jules Ayer
krytykuje
Sellars’s ‘Myth of the Given’ critique targeted sense-datum theories; he examined Ayer’s view of sense-datum talk as ‘another language’ (‘Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind’, 1956, §§ 8–9). W. Sellars, “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” (1956), part II, §§ 8–9; A. J. Ayer, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (1940)
Źródło: szkic AI
Alfred Jules Ayer › 1910–1989
Dzieła
Mit tego, co dane.
Stanowisko
Sellars’ most famous target was the “myth of the given”: the idea that knowledge rests on a foundation of pure sensory givens that are known without any concepts. Even the simplest perceptual report, he argued, already stands in the “logical space of reasons” – it can be justified and challenged and presupposes mastery of a whole conceptual system. Sellars also described the tension between the “manifest image” of the world, in which we experience ourselves as persons, and the “scientific image” of particles and processes, and sought to unite them in a single “stereoscopic” view. His work founded the so-called Pittsburgh School; Richard Rorty, Robert Brandom and John McDowell built on it.
Życie i kontekst
Sellars was born in Ann Arbor in 1912, the son of the philosopher Roy Wood Sellars. He studied in Michigan, Buffalo and, as a Rhodes Scholar, at Oxford, then taught in Iowa, Minnesota and at Yale. From 1963 he worked at the University of Pittsburgh. With Herbert Feigl he founded the journal Philosophical Studies.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1956)
- Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man (1962)
- Science, Perception and Reality (1963)
- Science and Metaphysics (1968)
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