詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯

Agora

詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯

1668–1744

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

我们只能真正理解我们自己所创造的东西——所以我们真正能够认识的是人类的历史和文化，而不是自然。

定位

经验主义、启蒙运动与自由主义 · 南欧 · 社会与历史, 语言, 认识论

那不勒斯的修辞学教授：我们只能真正认识我们自己所造的东西（verum factum）——因此是历史，而不是自然。

核心思想

真理即所造（verum ipsum factum）
诸民族的历程与复归
诗性智慧

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影响

受影响于 3

柏拉图

受其影响
Vico’s autobiography (1725–28) names Plato among his ‘four authors’: Plato contemplates man as he should be, Tacitus as he is, and Vico sought to join both. G. Vico, Vita di Giambattista Vico scritta da se medesimo (1725–28); SEP “Giambattista Vico”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年
弗朗西斯·培根

受其影响
Vico counted Bacon among his ‘four authors’ and modelled his oration On the Study Methods of Our Time (1709) on Bacon’s survey of the advancement of learning. G. Vico, De nostri temporis studiorum ratione (1709); Vita scritta da se medesimo (1725–28); SEP “Giambattista Vico”
依据: AI 草稿
弗朗西斯·培根 › 1561–1626
胡果·格劳秀斯

受其影响
Vico counted Grotius among his ‘four authors’ and in the New Science (1725/1744) named him a ‘prince’ of natural-law theory, faulting his neglect of providence. G. Vico, Vita scritta da se medesimo (1725–28); Scienza nuova (1725, 1744); SEP “Giambattista Vico”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
胡果·格劳秀斯 › 1583–1645

影响了 4

贝内德托·克罗齐

影响了 ✓
In The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico (1911) Croce made Vico a precursor of his historicism, having presented him in the Aesthetic (1902) as the discoverer of aesthetics. B. Croce, Estetica come scienza dell’espressione e linguistica generale (1902); La filosofia di Giambattista Vico (1911); SEP “Benedetto Croce”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO
贝内德托·克罗齐 › 1866–1952
以赛亚·伯林

影响了
Berlin read Vico as the discoverer of a distinct kind of historical understanding: knowing from within what humans themselves have made (Vico and Herder, 1976). I. Berlin, Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas (1976); G. Vico, Scienza nuova (1725; 1744)
依据: AI 草稿
以赛亚·伯林 › 1909–1997
海登·怀特

影响了
White took Vico’s four master tropes – metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony – as the deep structure of historical consciousness (Metahistory, 1973; ‘The Tropics of History’, 1976). H. White, Metahistory (1973); “The Tropics of History: The Deep Structure of the New Science”, in G. Tagliacozzo and D. P. Verene (eds.), Giambattista Vico’s Science of Humanity (1976); G. Tagliacozzo and H. White (eds.), Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium (1969)
依据: AI 草稿
海登·怀特 › 1928–2018
爱德华·萨义德

影响了
Said took from Vico, discussed in Beginnings (1975), the principle that humans know what they have made, treating the Orient as a human construction (Orientalism, 1978). E. W. Said, Beginnings: Intention and Method (1975); Orientalism (1978), introduction; SEP “Giambattista Vico”
依据: AI 草稿
爱德华·萨义德 › 1935–2003

批评

批评了 1

勒内·笛卡尔

批评了
Vico objected that Descartes’ cogito gives consciousness, not knowledge, of being, for we know truly only what we make (De antiquissima Italorum sapientia, 1710). G. Vico, De antiquissima Italorum sapientia (1710), ch. I; De nostri temporis studiorum ratione (1709); SEP “Giambattista Vico”
依据: AI 草稿
勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650

作品

1725新科学
诸神、英雄和人的时代：一门关于各民族共同本性的科学。

立场

Against Descartes, Vico held that the true and the made are convertible (verum factum): we can fully know only what we ourselves have made. Nature was made by God and remains partly opaque to us, but the human world of languages, laws and institutions was made by humans and can be understood from within. His New Science traces how every nation passes through an age of gods, an age of heroes and an age of men, and may fall back into barbarism and begin again. Rediscovered in the nineteenth century, he became a founder of the philosophy of history and the human sciences.

生平与背景

Giambattista Vico was born in Naples in 1668, the son of a poor bookseller, and was largely self-taught. For nine years he worked as a family tutor in the Cilento, south of Salerno, and in 1699 became professor of rhetoric at the University of Naples, a modestly paid post he held for four decades. His bid for a chair in law failed in 1723. He died in Naples in 1744.