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爱德华·萨义德

1935–2003

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

西方发明了一个把东方描绘为异国情调和落后的形象，而这个形象被用来为统治东方作辩护。

定位

结构主义与后结构主义 · 社会与历史, 政治与法

《东方学》：西方如何把“东方”建构为自己的反面形象。

核心思想

  • 东方学
  • 对位阅读

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影响

受影响于 7

  • 詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯

    受其影响

    Said took from Vico, discussed in Beginnings (1975), the principle that humans know what they have made, treating the Orient as a human construction (Orientalism, 1978). E. W. Said, Beginnings: Intention and Method (1975); Orientalism (1978), introduction; SEP “Giambattista Vico”

    依据: AI 草稿

    詹巴蒂斯塔·维柯 › 1668–1744

  • 安东尼奥·葛兰西

    受其影响

    Said explained Orientalism’s durability with Gramsci’s hegemony and took from the Prison Notebooks the task of an ‘inventory’ of history’s traces in oneself (Orientalism, 1978). E. W. Said, Orientalism (1978), introduction; A. Gramsci, Quaderni del carcere (1929–35); SEP “Antonio Gramsci”

    依据: AI 草稿

    安东尼奥·葛兰西 › 1891–1937

  • 艾梅·塞泽尔

    受其影响

    In Culture and Imperialism (1993, ch. 3) Said read Césaire’s Notebook of a Return to the Native Land and his rewriting of The Tempest (1969) as works of a culture of resistance in which the colonised reclaim their own history. E. W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (1993), ch. 3 “Resistance and Opposition”

    依据: AI 草稿

    艾梅·塞泽尔 › 1913–2008

  • 雷蒙·威廉斯

    受其影响

    Said built on Williams’s The Country and the City (1973) and his structures of feeling, while noting that Williams said little about empire (Culture and Imperialism, 1993). E. W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (1993); The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983); R. Williams, The Country and the City (1973)

    依据: AI 草稿

    雷蒙·威廉斯 › 1921–1988

  • 弗朗茨·法农

    受其影响

    Said read Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961) as a theory of liberation that also warns against national elites repeating colonial rule (Culture and Imperialism, 1993). E. W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (1993); F. Fanon, Les damnés de la terre (1961); SEP “Frantz Fanon”

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗朗茨·法农 › 1925–1961

  • 米歇尔·福柯

    受其影响 ✓

    Said used Foucault’s notion of discourse to describe Orientalism as knowledge bound up with colonial power, while giving more weight than Foucault to individual authors (Orientalism, 1978). E. W. Said, Orientalism (1978), introduction; M. Foucault, L’archéologie du savoir (1969); SEP “Michel Foucault”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    米歇尔·福柯 › 1926–1984

  • 赛义德·侯赛因·阿拉塔斯

    受其影响

    In Culture and Imperialism (1993) Said cited Alatas’s The Myth of the Lazy Native (1977) as scholarship exposing the colonial image of the native as ideology. E. W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (1993); S. H. Alatas, The Myth of the Lazy Native (1977)

    依据: AI 草稿

    赛义德·侯赛因·阿拉塔斯 › 1928–2007

影响了 1

  • 琳达·图希瓦伊·史密斯

    影响了

    Tuhiwai Smith used Said’s Orientalism to describe the ‘positional superiority’ of Western knowledge and the imperial archive through which research classified others (Decolonizing Methodologies, 1999). L. Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies (1999); E. Said, Orientalism (1978)

    依据: AI 草稿

    琳达·图希瓦伊·史密斯 › 1950年生

批评

受批评于 1

  • 萨迪克·贾拉勒·阿兹姆

    受其批评

    Al-Azm objected that Said, by tracing Orientalism back to Homer and Aeschylus, made it an unchanging essence of the West, and that those who answered it with an unchanging Islamic or Arab essence practised Orientalism in reverse. S. J. al-Azm, “Orientalism and Orientalism in Reverse”, Khamsin 8 (1981)

    依据: AI 草稿

    萨迪克·贾拉勒·阿兹姆 › 1934–2016

作品

  • 1978东方学

    关于东方的知识，是西方权力的工具。

立场

In Orientalism Said examined how European scholarship, literature and politics since the eighteenth century created an image of “the Orient” as exotic, irrational, unchanging and in need of guidance – the counter-image against which the West defined itself as rational and progressive. Drawing on Foucault’s analysis of discourse and power and on Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, he argued that this knowledge was not innocent but bound up with colonial domination. In Culture and Imperialism he extended the analysis to the great novels of the nineteenth century and proposed a “contrapuntal” reading that brings out the colonial world hidden in them. Said became one of the founders of postcolonial studies, and his work still provokes debate.

生平与背景

Said was born in Jerusalem in 1935 into a Palestinian Christian family and grew up partly in Cairo. He studied at Princeton and Harvard and taught English and comparative literature at Columbia University in New York from 1963 until his death. A prominent advocate of Palestinian rights, he co-founded the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra with Daniel Barenboim. He died in 2003.

其他主要作品

  • Orientalism (1978)
  • The Question of Palestine (1979)
  • Culture and Imperialism (1993)
  • Out of Place (1999)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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