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弗里德里希·施莱尔马赫

1768–1834

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

宗教不是教义或道德，而是对某种更伟大之物的绝对依赖之感——而理解任何文本都意味着重新体验其作者的心灵。

定位

德国唯心主义及其后继者 · 东欧 · 宗教, 语言

常被视为现代诠释学的奠基者；宗教是“绝对依赖的感觉”。

核心思想

  • 诠释学
  • 诠释学循环
  • 绝对依赖的感觉

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 柏拉图

    受其影响

    Schleiermacher translated Plato into German (1804–28) and argued in his introductions that the dialogue form belongs to the content of Plato’s philosophy. F. Schleiermacher, Platons Werke (1804–28), General Introduction; SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”

    依据: AI 草稿

    柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年

  • 巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎

    受其影响

    In On Religion (1799) Schleiermacher asked his readers to offer a lock of hair to the shade of ‘the holy, rejected Spinoza’, pervaded by the world-spirit. F. Schleiermacher, Über die Religion. Reden an die Gebildeten unter ihren Verächtern (1799), Second Speech; SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”

    依据: AI 草稿

    巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎 › 1632–1677

  • 伊曼努尔·康德

    受其影响

    Schleiermacher’s early essays On the Highest Good (1789) and On Freedom (1790–92) worked through Kant’s ethics, rejecting its linking of virtue and happiness in the highest good. F. Schleiermacher, Über das höchste Gut (1789); Über die Freiheit (1790–92); SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”

    依据: AI 草稿

    伊曼努尔·康德 › 1724–1804

  • 弗里德里希·海因里希·雅各比

    受其影响

    Schleiermacher first studied Spinoza through Jacobi’s Letters on Spinoza (1785) and set down what he learned in notes, including a ‘Short Presentation of the Spinozist System’ (1793–94). F. Schleiermacher, Spinozismus; Kurze Darstellung des Spinozistischen Systems (1793–94); F. H. Jacobi, Über die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen (1785); SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗里德里希·海因里希·雅各比 › 1743–1819

影响了 1

  • 威廉·狄尔泰

    影响了 ✓

    Dilthey wrote a Life of Schleiermacher (1870) and in ‘The Rise of Hermeneutics’ (1900) took Schleiermacher’s art of understanding as the basis of the human sciences. W. Dilthey, Leben Schleiermachers I (1870); “Die Entstehung der Hermeneutik” (1900); SEP “Wilhelm Dilthey”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    威廉·狄尔泰 › 1833–1911

批评

受批评于 2

  • 格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

    受其批评

    Hegel objected that if religion were the feeling of absolute dependence, a dog would be the best Christian (Foreword to Hinrichs, 1822), aiming at Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith. G. W. F. Hegel, Foreword to H. F. W. Hinrichs, Die Religion im inneren Verhältnisse zur Wissenschaft (1822); F. Schleiermacher, Der christliche Glaube (1821–22)

    依据: AI 草稿

    格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831

  • 汉斯-格奥尔格·伽达默尔 影响了

    影响了 ✓

    Gadamer credited Schleiermacher with a universal hermeneutics and kept his circle of part and whole, shifting it to the subject matter (Truth and Method, 1960). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960); F. Schleiermacher, Hermeneutik und Kritik (ed. F. Lücke, 1838); SEP “Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    受其批评

    Gadamer criticised Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics for aiming to reconstruct the author’s individual intention, detaching understanding from the subject matter and from tradition (Truth and Method, 1960, part II). H.-G. Gadamer, Wahrheit und Methode (1960), part I (“Rekonstruktion und Integration”) and part II, section I.1; SEP “Hans-Georg Gadamer”

    依据: AI 草稿

    汉斯-格奥尔格·伽达默尔 › 1900–2002

作品

立场

Schleiermacher answered the Enlightenment critique of religion by relocating faith: religion is neither metaphysics nor morality but “sense and taste for the infinite”, and later the “feeling of absolute dependence”. This earned him the title of father of modern Protestant theology. Equally lasting was his hermeneutics, which turned the art of interpretation into a general theory of understanding. To understand a text we must grasp both its language (grammatical interpretation) and the individual mind behind it (psychological interpretation), moving back and forth between part and whole – the hermeneutic circle. Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamer all built on this.

生平与背景

Raised among the pietist Moravian Brethren, Schleiermacher studied in Halle and became a preacher at the Charité in Berlin, where he joined the early Romantic circle around Friedrich Schlegel. He translated Plato into German, helped found the University of Berlin and taught theology there for decades while preaching at the Trinity Church.

其他主要作品

  • On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (1799)
  • Monologues (1800)
  • Plato’s Works, translated (1804–1828)
  • The Christian Faith (1821–1822)
  • Hermeneutics and Criticism (1838)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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