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德谟克利特

约公元前460—前370年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

世界只由在虚空中运动的微小而不可分的粒子构成——而平静愉快的心境是最好的生活。

定位

古希腊哲学 · 形而上学, 科学, 伦理学

与留基伯一同创立原子论：只有原子和虚空。

核心思想

  • 原子论
  • 欢愉（euthymia，心境愉悦）

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 巴门尼德

    受其影响

    With Leucippus, Democritus granted the Eleatics that nothing comes from nothing but posited void and indivisible atoms, so that plurality and motion become possible again. Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.8; SEP “Ancient Atomism”

    依据: AI 草稿

    巴门尼德 › 约公元前515—前450年年

  • 埃利亚的芝诺

    受其影响

    Democritus answered Eleatic arguments like Zeno’s, that infinite division dissolves bodies into nothing, by positing indivisible atoms (Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.2). Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.2; SEP “Ancient Atomism”; SEP “Zeno of Elea”

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃利亚的芝诺 › 约公元前490—前430年年

影响了 6

  • 亚里士多德

    影响了 ✓

    Aristotle treated Democritus as the earlier physicist who argued most from nature, discussing his atoms and void at length while rejecting both (On Generation and Corruption I.2, I.8). Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.2, I.8; Physics IV.6–9; SEP “Democritus”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    亚里士多德 › 公元前384—前322年

  • 埃利斯的皮浪

    影响了

    Pyrrho studied with the Democritean Anaxarchus, and Philo of Athens said he cited Democritus most; Democritus’ distrust of the senses is a likely source of his scepticism. Diogenes Laertius IX.61, IX.67; Democritus, DK 68 B9, B117; SEP “Pyrrho”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    埃利斯的皮浪 › 约公元前360—前270年年

  • 伊壁鸠鲁

    影响了 ✓

    Epicurus took over Democritus’ atoms and void, giving atoms weight and, by later reports, a swerve, and grounded on them an ethics free of fear of death. Epicurus, Letter to Herodotus; Letter to Menoeceus; Lucretius II.216–293; Cicero, De finibus I.17–21; SEP “Epicurus”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO

    伊壁鸠鲁 › 公元前341—前270年

  • 卢克莱修

    影响了

    Through Epicurus Lucretius took up Democritus’ atoms and void, naming him with respect while rejecting his view that soul and body atoms alternate (De rerum natura III.370–395). Lucretius, De rerum natura III.370–395, V.621–636; SEP “Lucretius”

    依据: AI 草稿

    卢克莱修 › 约公元前99—前55年年

  • 阿布·伯克尔·拉齐

    影响了 存在争议

    Al-Razi taught that bodies consist of indivisible atoms and void; whether his atomism derives from Democritus through Greek sources or from other traditions is disputed. S. Pines, Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre (1936); P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿布·伯克尔·拉齐 › 约865–925年

  • 弗朗西斯·培根

    影响了

    Bacon praised the school of Democritus for dissecting nature rather than abstracting from it (New Organon, 1620) and discussed his atoms in On Principles and Origins (c. 1612). F. Bacon, Novum Organum (1620); De principiis atque originibus (c. 1612); SEP “Francis Bacon”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    弗朗西斯·培根 › 1561–1626

立场

Democritus answered the Eleatic challenge with a bold model: reality consists of atoms – tiny, indivisible, unchangeable bodies – and the void in which they move. Atoms differ only in shape, arrangement and position; their collisions and combinations produce all things, including countless worlds. Colours, tastes and warmth exist only “by convention”; in truth there are only atoms and void. In ethics he praised cheerfulness (euthymia), a calm and well-balanced state of the soul. Through Epicurus and Lucretius, atomism survived antiquity and returned in the early modern science of Gassendi, Boyle and Newton.

生平与背景

Democritus came from Abdera in Thrace and, according to tradition, travelled widely and lived to a great age. He developed atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus. He was extremely prolific – ancient catalogues list some seventy works on ethics, physics, mathematics and music – but only fragments survive, many of them ethical maxims.

主要作品

  • The Little World-System (lost, c. 420 BCE)
  • On Cheerfulness (lost, c. 420 BCE)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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