阿布·伯克尔·拉齐
据其对手的转述，理性赋予每一个人，其价值高于先知的权威——而上帝、灵魂、物质、空间和时间都一直存在。
定位
波斯医生（Rhazes）与自由思想者：据其论敌的记述，他相信理性而不是先知的权威；他主张五个永恒的原理——上帝、灵魂、物质、空间和时间。
核心思想
- 五个永恒原理
- 理性的优先
- 精神医学
影响
受影响于 2
德谟克利特
受其影响 存在争议
Al-Razi taught that bodies consist of indivisible atoms and void; whether his atomism derives from Democritus through Greek sources or from other traditions is disputed. S. Pines, Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre (1936); P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
依据: AI 草稿
德谟克利特 › 约公元前460—前370年年
柏拉图
受其影响
Al-Razi built his doctrine of five eternal principles – Creator, Soul, matter, absolute time and absolute place – largely on Plato’s Timaeus. P. Adamson, Al-Razi (2021)
依据: AI 草稿
柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年
作品
把伦理学当作灵魂的医学：理性必须统御激情。
立场
Al-Razi was a freethinker in medicine and philosophy. He held five principles to be eternal: the Creator, the soul, matter, absolute space and absolute time; the world arose when the soul, enamoured of matter, sought union with it, and God gave it reason to free itself. Reason, he taught, is God’s greatest gift and open to all; according to his opponents, who preserved many of his views, he therefore saw no need for prophets. His ethics, modelled on Socrates, has reason heal the soul by governing the passions. In medicine he valued observation over authority, even doubting Galen, and was the first to clearly distinguish smallpox from measles.
生平与背景
Abu Bakr al-Razi, known in Latin as Rhazes, was born around 865 in Rayy near present-day Tehran. According to tradition he turned to medicine only as an adult, after earlier interests in music and alchemy. He directed hospitals in Rayy and Baghdad, dedicated works to Persian princes and became the most famous clinician of his age. Late in life he went blind; he died in Rayy around 925.
其他主要作品
- The Comprehensive Book (al-Hawi, compiled from his notes after his death)
- The Book for al-Mansur (Kitab al-Mansuri, c. 903)
- The Philosophical Life (al-Sira al-falsafiyya, late work)
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