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埃利亚的芝诺

约公元前490—前430年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

他的悖论，比如阿喀琉斯永远追不上乌龟，旨在表明运动和多会导致矛盾。

定位

古希腊哲学 · 南欧 · 逻辑学, 形而上学

以著名的悖论反对运动和多，从而为巴门尼德辩护。

核心思想

  • 阿喀琉斯与乌龟
  • 归谬法

老师: 巴门尼德

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 巴门尼德 师从

    师从 后世传述 ✓

    Known only from later sources – the dramatic scene of Plato’s Parmenides (127a–128e), written decades later, and Diogenes Laertius 9.25; that Zeno’s arguments defend Parmenides is widely accepted, a teaching relation as such is not independently attested. Plato, Parmenides 127a–128e; Sophist 216a; Diogenes Laertius 9.25; SEP “Zeno of Elea”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    巴门尼德 › 约公元前515—前450年年

影响了 2

  • 高尔吉亚

    影响了

    Gorgias’ On Not-Being reworked Zeno’s method of deriving contradictions from a thesis; the version in the pseudo-Aristotelian MXG draws on arguments of Zeno and Melissus. pseudo-Aristotle, On Melissus, Xenophanes and Gorgias (Gorgias section); R. Ioli, ‘Between Eleatics and Atomists: Gorgias’ Argument against Motion’, Archai 31 (2021); IEP “Gorgias”

    依据: AI 草稿

    高尔吉亚 › 约公元前483—前376年年

  • 德谟克利特

    影响了

    Democritus answered Eleatic arguments like Zeno’s, that infinite division dissolves bodies into nothing, by positing indivisible atoms (Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.2). Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption I.2; SEP “Ancient Atomism”; SEP “Zeno of Elea”

    依据: AI 草稿

    德谟克利特 › 约公元前460—前370年年

批评

受批评于 1

  • 亨利·柏格森

    受其批评

    Bergson traced Zeno’s paradoxes to confusing movement with the divisible line it traverses; each step of Achilles is indivisible (Matter and Memory, 1896, ch. 4). H. Bergson, Matière et mémoire (1896), ch. IV; L’Évolution créatrice (1907), ch. IV

    依据: AI 草稿

    亨利·柏格森 › 1859–1941

立场

Zeno defended Parmenides indirectly, by showing that the common-sense assumptions of plurality and motion lead to absurd consequences. In the most famous paradoxes, swift Achilles can never overtake the tortoise, because he must first reach the point where it was, by which time it has moved on; an arrow in flight is at rest at every instant; and to cross any distance one must first complete infinitely many half-distances. Aristotle called him the inventor of dialectic, the art of refuting a thesis from its own premises. His puzzles about infinity, continuity and time occupied mathematicians and philosophers for more than two thousand years.

生平与背景

Zeno of Elea was a pupil and close associate of Parmenides, active in the fifth century BCE. Plato describes him visiting Athens together with his teacher. Ancient sources report that he died bravely resisting a tyrant. His book of arguments is lost; we know his paradoxes mainly through Aristotle’s Physics and later commentators.

主要作品

  • Paradoxes (lost book, c. 460 BCE)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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