याज्ञवल्क्य
आपका अंतरतम आत्म सब यथार्थ के आधार के साथ एक है – और इस आत्म का वर्णन नहीं किया जा सकता, केवल यह कहकर इंगित किया जा सकता है कि वह क्या नहीं है।
पृष्ठभूमि
उपनिषदों का ऋषि: अंतरतम आत्मा (आत्मन्) संसार के आधार (ब्रह्म) से एक है।
मुख्य विचार
- आत्मा ही ब्रह्म है
- नेति नेति – यह नहीं, यह नहीं
गुरु: उद्दालक
शिष्य: मैत्रेयी
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 1
उद्दालक जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा बाद की परंपरा ✓
Known only from the Upanishadic tradition: a lineage of teachers in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (6.3.7) makes Yajnavalkya Uddalaka’s pupil, while in 3.7 the two meet as rivals in debate; outside these texts nothing is known of either. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 6.3.7, 3.7, tr. P. Olivelle, Upaniṣads, 1996
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
उद्दालक › परंपरागत रूप से लगभग 830–760 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 7
मैत्रेयी जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया बाद की परंपरा
Known only from the Upanishadic narrative: in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (2.4, 4.5) Yajnavalkya instructs his wife Maitreyi on the self before he leaves home; outside these texts nothing is known of either. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 2.4, 4.5, tr. P. Olivelle, Upaniṣads, 1996
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मैत्रेयी › परंपरागत रूप से लगभग 780–700 ईसा पूर्व
आदि शंकराचार्य
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Shankara’s longest Upanishad commentary is on the Brihadaranyaka, where he read Yajnavalkya’s ‘not this, not this’ (neti neti) as pointing to the attributeless Brahman. Shankara, Brihadaranyakopanishad-bhashya, tr. Swami Madhavananda (1934); Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, tr. P. Olivelle, Upanisads (1996)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आदि शंकराचार्य › लगभग 700–750 · प्रचलित तिथि 788–820
रामानुजाचार्य
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Ramanuja based his view of the world and selves as the body of God on Yajnavalkya’s teaching of the inner controller (antaryamin) in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Ramanuja, Vedarthasangraha; Sribhashya; J. B. Carman, The Theology of Ramanuja (1974); J. J. Lipner, The Face of Truth (1986)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
रामानुजाचार्य › लगभग 1077–1157 · परंपरागत रूप से 1017–1137
मध्वाचार्य
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Madhva commented on the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, which preserves Yajnavalkya’s teaching, among the ten principal Upanishads, and read it in support of a real difference between God and selves. Madhva, Brihadaranyakopanishad-bhashya; B. N. K. Sharma, History of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Its Literature (1960)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मध्वाचार्य › लगभग 1238–1317
आर्थर शोपेनहावर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
The link runs through the Upanishads: Schopenhauer read the Oupnek’hat (1801–02), which includes Yajnavalkya’s teachings from the Brihadaranyaka, and called it the consolation of his life (Parerga, 1851). A. Schopenhauer, Parerga und Paralipomena II (1851); A. H. Anquetil-Duperron, Oupnek’hat (1801–02); U. App, Schopenhauer’s Compass (2014)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आर्थर शोपेनहावर › 1788–1860
रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
The link runs through the Upanishads, in which Yajnavalkya’s teaching is preserved: Tagore, raised with them in daily family worship, built his lectures Sadhana (1913) on them. R. Tagore, Sadhana: The Realisation of Life (1913), preface
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर › 1861–1941
श्री अरविन्द
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
The link runs through the Upanishads, in which Yajnavalkya’s teaching is preserved: Aurobindo read them as a philosophy of the One becoming the world (The Life Divine, 1939–40). Sri Aurobindo, The Life Divine (1939–40); Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, tr. P. Olivelle, Upanisads (1996)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
श्री अरविन्द › 1872–1950
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
वाचकन्वी गार्गी
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Gargi challenges Yajnavalkya at Janaka’s court on what the world is woven upon; he answers with the imperishable (akshara), and she declares him unbeaten. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.6, 3.8 (3.8.12), tr. P. Olivelle, Upaniṣads, 1996
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
वाचकन्वी गार्गी › परंपरागत रूप से लगभग 780–700 ईसा पूर्व
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 700 ईसा पूर्वबृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्
अनेक हाथों से संकलित; इसके केंद्रीय संवादों में ऋषि याज्ञवल्क्य हैं: आत्मन् और ब्रह्म – वेदांत का एक आधार-ग्रंथ।
मत
Yajnavalkya’s teaching centres on the atman, the innermost self. It cannot be grasped as an object, for it is the seer that is never seen and the knower that is never known; it can only be described negatively, as “not this, not this” (neti neti). This self is ultimately one with brahman, the ground of all reality. In his dialogue with Maitreyi he explains that we love spouse, children and wealth for the sake of the self, and that knowing the self is the true goal. Liberation comes from this knowledge, not from ritual. His ideas laid the foundation for Vedanta, especially Shankara’s non-dualism.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Yajnavalkya is a sage of the late Vedic period whose teachings are preserved above all in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, one of the oldest Upanishads, probably composed in the first half of the first millennium BCE. There he appears at the court of King Janaka of Videha, debating other Brahmins and teaching his wife Maitreyi. Whether he was a single historical person is uncertain.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (c. 700 BCE, teachings attributed to him)
इनमें आता है
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