मध्वाचार्य
ईश्वर, आत्माएँ और संसार सचमुच और सदा के लिए एक-दूसरे से भिन्न हैं – इस मत के विरुद्ध कि सब कुछ अंततः एक है।
पृष्ठभूमि
द्वैत वेदांत के संस्थापक: शंकर के विरुद्ध उन्होंने सिखाया कि ईश्वर, आत्माएँ और संसार वास्तव में और शाश्वत रूप से भिन्न हैं।
मुख्य विचार
- द्वैत
- पाँच प्रकार के भेद
- संसार की वास्तविकता
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 1
याज्ञवल्क्य
जिनसे प्रभावित
Madhva commented on the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, which preserves Yajnavalkya’s teaching, among the ten principal Upanishads, and read it in support of a real difference between God and selves. Madhva, Brihadaranyakopanishad-bhashya; B. N. K. Sharma, History of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Its Literature (1960)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
याज्ञवल्क्य › परंपरागत रूप से लगभग 800–720 ईसा पूर्व
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
आदि शंकराचार्य
जिनकी आलोचना की
Madhva rejected Shankara’s non-dualism, holding the difference between God, selves and matter to be real and eternal (Mayavadakhandana; Vishnutattvavinirnaya). Madhva, Māyāvādakhaṇḍana; Viṣṇutattvavinirṇaya; B. N. K. Sharma, History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta, 1960
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आदि शंकराचार्य › लगभग 700–750 · प्रचलित तिथि 788–820
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1285ब्रह्मसूत्र भाष्य
मध्व की ब्रह्मसूत्रों पर टीका: ब्रह्म, जीव और संसार शाश्वत रूप से भिन्न हैं।
मत
Madhva founded Dvaita (“dualist”) Vedanta, the sharpest counter-position to Shankara’s non-dualism. For him the world is no illusion but real, and difference belongs to the nature of reality. He taught a fivefold difference: between God and souls, God and matter, one soul and another, souls and matter, and one material thing and another. God – Vishnu – alone is independent; souls and world exist only in dependence on him. Souls differ in rank by nature; liberation comes through devotion (bhakti), knowledge and above all God’s grace, yet never dissolves the soul into God. Unusually in Indian thought, he held that some souls are never liberated.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Madhva, also called Madhvacharya or Anandatirtha, was born, according to the traditional dating, in 1238 near Udupi on the south-west coast of India. He became a monk in his youth but soon broke with the Advaita teaching of his teacher. He travelled widely, debated with rival schools and is credited with founding the Krishna temple at Udupi and its monasteries. Tradition says he vanished in 1317 while teaching.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Commentary on the Brahma Sutras (Brahma Sutra Bhashya, late 13th century)
- Anuvyakhyana (verse commentary on the Brahma Sutras, late 13th century)
- Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (Gita Bhashya, 13th century)
- Ascertainment of the Truth about Vishnu (Vishnutattvavinirnaya, 13th century)
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