Agora思想的公共广场

雷蒙·威廉斯

1921–1988

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在威廉斯看来，文化既指艺术，也指由普通人创造和改造的一种完整的生活方式；在每个社会中，主导文化都与残余文化和新兴文化并存，而“情感结构”在生活经验凝固为固定的意识形态之前就记录了它。

定位

社会主义、无政府主义、马克思主义与批判理论 相邻学科：文化研究 · 北欧 · 社会与历史, 美学, 语言, 政治与法

剑桥的威尔士文学与文化批评家，文化研究的奠基人之一：在他看来，文化是“平常的”，是一种完整的生活方式，而不仅仅是艺术；他的“文化唯物主义”把文学、语言和媒介看作处于霸权关系之中的物质性社会实践。

核心思想

  • 文化是平常的
  • 情感结构
  • 文化唯物主义
  • 主导的、残余的与新兴的

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 2

  • 卡尔·马克思

    受其影响

    Williams reworked Marx’s base and superstructure from the 1859 Preface, treating culture as material production rather than reflection (‘Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory’, 1973). R. Williams, “Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory”, New Left Review I/82 (1973); Marxism and Literature (1977)

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

  • 安东尼奥·葛兰西

    受其影响

    In Marxism and Literature (1977) Williams took up Gramsci’s distinction between rule and hegemony, describing hegemony as a lived system of meanings and values. R. Williams, Marxism and Literature (1977), “Hegemony”; A. Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks (tr. 1971)

    依据: AI 草稿

    安东尼奥·葛兰西 › 1891–1937

影响了 2

  • 斯图尔特·霍尔

    影响了

    Hall counted Williams’s Culture and Society (1958) and The Long Revolution (1961) among the founding texts of the ‘culturalist’ paradigm of cultural studies (‘Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms’, 1980). S. Hall, “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms”, Media, Culture and Society 2 (1980); R. Williams, Culture and Society (1958); The Long Revolution (1961)

    依据: AI 草稿

    斯图尔特·霍尔 › 1932–2014

  • 爱德华·萨义德

    影响了

    Said built on Williams’s The Country and the City (1973) and his structures of feeling, while noting that Williams said little about empire (Culture and Imperialism, 1993). E. W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (1993); The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983); R. Williams, The Country and the City (1973)

    依据: AI 草稿

    爱德华·萨义德 › 1935–2003

作品

  • 1958文化与社会：1780—1950

    从伯克和科贝特，经密尔、卡莱尔、阿诺德、罗斯金和莫里斯，到劳伦斯、T. S. 艾略特、利维斯和奥威尔：文化观念如何成为对抗工业社会的申诉法庭，以及文化、工业、民主、阶级和艺术这些词如何改变了含义。

  • 1977马克思主义与文学

    重新阐释马克思主义文化理论：基础与上层建筑成为同一物质性社会过程的不同方面，葛兰西的霸权成为一种活生生的意义与价值体系，它受到残余形式和新兴形式的挑战，并在“情感结构”中留下印记；威廉斯称这一立场为“文化唯物主义”。

立场

Williams is on the map as a founder of cultural studies and as a Marxist theorist of culture. “Culture and Society 1780–1950” (1958) traced how the words industry, democracy, class, art and culture changed their meaning in response to the industrial revolution, from Burke and Cobbett to Leavis and Orwell, and argued for a “common culture” built on the working-class idea of solidarity. “The Long Revolution” (1961) defined culture as a whole way of life and developed the “structure of feeling” as a term for the lived experience of a period. “Keywords” (1976) traced the history of the words in which modern society understands itself. In “Marxism and Literature” (1977) he reworked Marx’s base and superstructure and Gramsci’s hegemony into a “cultural materialism” that treats culture as material production within society and distinguishes dominant, residual and emergent forms. Stuart Hall counted “Culture and Society” and “The Long Revolution” among the founding texts of cultural studies; Edward Said built on “The Country and the City” (1973) while noting how little it says about empire. Williams also wrote on drama, television and Wales and belonged to the New Left. Critics have questioned his focus on England and his idea of rooted communities; these objections are set out under “Context & critique”.

生平与背景

Raymond Henry Williams was born on 31 August 1921 in Pandy, near Abergavenny on the Welsh border; his father was a railway signalman and secretary of the local Labour Party. From King Henry VIII Grammar School in Abergavenny he won a state scholarship to read English at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1939, and joined the Communist Party there, a membership that later lapsed. From 1941 he served in the army and fought as an anti-tank officer in Normandy in 1944. After graduating in 1946 he taught adult education classes for the Oxford University Extra-Mural Delegacy and the Workers’ Educational Association in East Sussex until 1961 and co-founded the review Politics and Letters. In 1961 he became a fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, and from 1974 to 1983 he was the university’s first Professor of Drama. Besides criticism he wrote novels, beginning with Border Country (1960). He died in Saffron Walden on 26 January 1988.

其他主要作品

  • Border Country (1960)
  • The Long Revolution (1961)
  • The Country and the City (1973)
  • Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (1976)
  • Marxism and Literature (1977)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

截至 2026年11月 · 来源 · 改进本页 · Agora 是如何制作的

在星图中打开