J. L. 奥斯汀
说话是一种做事：当我们许诺、道歉或为一艘船命名时，我们的话语是在实施这一行为，而不是在描述它。
定位
言语行为理论：我们用词语行事——我们许诺、施洗、打赌。
核心思想
- 言语行为
- 施行话语
学生: 约翰·塞尔
影响
受影响于 2
亚里士多德
受其影响 ✓
Austin, trained as a classicist, read Aristotle closely and examined his concepts of the good and of happiness (‘Agathon and Eudaimonia in the Ethics of Aristotle’, publ. 1967). J. L. Austin, “Agathon and Eudaimonia in the Ethics of Aristotle”, in J. M. E. Moravcsik (ed.), Aristotle: A Collection of Critical Essays (1967); SEP “John Langshaw Austin”
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
亚里士多德 › 公元前384—前322年
G. E. 摩尔
受其影响
Austin made Moore’s reading of ‘could have done otherwise’ as ‘could, if I had chosen’ (Ethics, 1912) the starting point of ‘Ifs and Cans’ (1956). J. L. Austin, “Ifs and Cans”, Proceedings of the British Academy 42 (1956); G. E. Moore, Ethics (1912); SEP “John Langshaw Austin”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
G. E. 摩尔 › 1873–1958
影响了 5
H. P. 格莱斯
影响了
Grice, one of Austin’s ‘Saturday mornings’ group, kept its close attention to ordinary usage but distinguished what is said from what is implicated (William James Lectures, 1967). H. P. Grice, “Logic and Conversation” (William James Lectures 1967; publ. 1975); Studies in the Way of Words (1989), “Prolegomena”; SEP “Paul Grice”
依据: AI 草稿
H. P. 格莱斯 › 1913–1988
尤尔根·哈贝马斯
影响了
Habermas built his universal pragmatics on Austin’s speech-act theory, aligning communicative action with illocutionary and strategic action with perlocutionary effects (‘Was heißt Universalpragmatik?’, 1976). J. Habermas, “Was heißt Universalpragmatik?” (1976); Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns (1981); J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962); SEP “Jürgen Habermas”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
尤尔根·哈贝马斯 › 1929–2026
约翰·塞尔 教过
教过
At Oxford, where he studied from 1952 as a Rhodes Scholar, Searle was taught by Austin as well as by Strawson, Berlin and Hampshire; his Speech Acts (1969) developed Austin’s theory, although he said Austin’s attention to linguistic minutiae left him unmoved. J. R. Searle, interview with T. Crane, CRASSH, University of Cambridge (9 June 2014)
依据: AI 草稿
约翰·塞尔 › 1932–2025
伊芙·科索夫斯基·塞奇威克
影响了
Sedgwick revisited Austin’s performative utterances and their examples of marriage vows, coining the ‘periperformative’ for utterances clustering around them (Touching Feeling, 2003). E. K. Sedgwick, Touching Feeling (2003); A. Parker and E. K. Sedgwick (eds.), Performativity and Performance (1995); J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962)
依据: AI 草稿
伊芙·科索夫斯基·塞奇威克 › 1950–2009
朱迪斯·巴特勒
影响了
Butler reworked Austin’s performative utterances, read through Derrida’s iterability, into a theory of gender performativity and of injurious speech (Bodies That Matter, 1993; Excitable Speech, 1997). J. Butler, Bodies That Matter (1993); Excitable Speech (1997); J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962); SEP “John Langshaw Austin”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
朱迪斯·巴特勒 › 1956年生
批评
受批评于 1
雅克·德里达
受其批评
In ‘Signature Event Context’ (1971) Derrida objected that Austin excludes ‘non-serious’, cited utterances as parasitic, although iterability belongs to every performative. J. Derrida, “Signature événement contexte” (1971), in Marges de la philosophie (1972); J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962), Lecture II; SEP “Jacques Derrida”
依据: AI 草稿
雅克·德里达 › 1930–2004
批评了 1
A. J. 艾耶尔
批评了
Austin attacked the sense-datum theory of Ayer’s Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (1940), above all the argument from illusion (Sense and Sensibilia, lectures published 1962). J. L. Austin, Sense and Sensibilia, ed. G. J. Warnock (1962); A. J. Ayer, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (1940); Ayer’s reply: “Has Austin Refuted the Sense-Datum Theory?”, Synthese 17 (1967)
依据: AI 草稿
A. J. 艾耶尔 › 1910–1989
作品
- 1962如何以言行事
施行性话语：说即是做。
反对感觉材料理论。
立场
Austin distrusted grand philosophical theories and preferred patient attention to what we actually say – ordinary language, he thought, stores the distinctions of many generations. His most influential discovery: many utterances do not describe anything but perform an action. Whoever says “I promise” or “I name this ship” under the right circumstances is not reporting but promising or naming. Such performative utterances are not true or false but succeed or fail (“infelicities”). From this Austin developed a general theory of speech acts, distinguishing what is said (locution), what is done in saying it (illocution) and the effects it produces (perlocution). Searle systematised the theory, and it reshaped linguistics, legal theory and, through Derrida and Butler, cultural theory.
生平与背景
Austin was born in Lancaster in 1911 and studied classics at Oxford. During the Second World War he worked in British military intelligence and contributed to the preparations for the Normandy landings. From 1952 White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, he led the “Saturday mornings” discussion group. He died in 1960, aged only 48; his main works appeared posthumously.
其他主要作品
- A Plea for Excuses (1956)
- Philosophical Papers (1961)
- How to Do Things with Words (1962)
出现在
- 旅程 ‘语言转向’ · 第 7 站，共 10 站
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