伊芙·科索夫斯基·塞奇威克

作品

• 1985男人之间：英国文学与男性同性社交欲望

  从莎士比亚的十四行诗到狄更斯的解读：男性之间的纽带常常在情欲三角中通过一位女性而形成，而在现代西方文化中，恐同割断了男性同性社交欲望与同性恋欲望之间的连续体——这种安排与对女性的压制密切相关。

• 1990暗柜认识论

  对梅尔维尔、王尔德、尼采、亨利·詹姆斯和普鲁斯特的解读：自19世纪末以来对同性恋与异性恋的界定，塑造了现代西方文化的各种范畴——秘密与暴露、私人与公共、知识与无知——而暗柜是它的决定性结构。

• 2003触碰感受：情动、教学法、施行性

  关于情动（尤其是羞耻）的论文，借助心理学家西尔万·汤姆金斯展开，并讨论奥斯汀的施行话语周围的“旁施行”话语以及佛教的教学法；《偏执性阅读与修复性阅读》一文请批评家们不要只以怀疑和揭露的方式阅读。

立场

Sedgwick is on the map as one of the founders of queer theory. “Between Men” (1985) took up René Girard’s erotic triangle and Gayle Rubin’s analysis of the “traffic in women” to show how bonds between men in English literature from Shakespeare to Dickens are formed through women: “homosocial” desire – friendship, rivalry, mentorship – lies on a continuum with homosexual desire that modern Western culture cuts with homophobia, and this arrangement is bound up with the subordination of women. “Epistemology of the Closet” (1990) argued, taking up Foucault, that the definition of people as homosexual or heterosexual, fixed around 1900, structures far more than sexuality – oppositions such as secrecy and disclosure, private and public, knowledge and ignorance – and that the closet is the defining structure of gay oppression in the twentieth century. She distinguished “minoritising” views, for which homosexuality concerns a distinct minority, from “universalising” views, for which it concerns the sexuality of everyone, and held that the two stand in unresolved conflict in modern culture; her first axiom was simply that “people are different from each other”. In “Touching Feeling” (2003) she turned to affect, above all shame, drawing on the psychologist Silvan Tomkins, and, with Melanie Klein, contrasted “paranoid” reading, which seeks to expose hidden violence, with “reparative” reading. Annamarie Jagose (1996) and later introductions count her, with Butler and Teresa de Lauretis, among the founders of queer theory; the turn to reparative reading has been widely taken up and also discussed critically (for example by R. Wiegman, Feminist Theory, 2014).

生平与背景

Eve Kosofsky was born on 2 May 1950 in Dayton, Ohio. She studied at Cornell University (BA 1971) and at Yale, where she took her doctorate in English in 1975 with a thesis on the conventions of the Gothic novel, published in 1980. She taught at Hamilton College, Boston University and Amherst College, from 1988 at Duke University and from 1998 at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York as Distinguished Professor of English. In the late 1980s and the 1990s her books, together with those of Judith Butler and others, made queer theory a field of research in the humanities. In 1991 she was diagnosed with breast cancer; she wrote about illness, therapy and Buddhism in “A Dialogue on Love” (1999) and in essays, and also published poetry. She died in New York on 12 April 2009.

其他主要作品

• The Coherence of Gothic Conventions (1980)
• Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (1985)
• Epistemology of the Closet (1990)
• Tendencies (1993)
• Performativity and Performance (ed. with A. Parker, 1995)
• Shame and Its Sisters: A Silvan Tomkins Reader (ed. with A. Frank, 1995)
• A Dialogue on Love (1999)
• Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity (2003)
• The Weather in Proust (posthumous, ed. J. Goldberg, 2011)