Nasir ad-Din Tusi

Agora

Nasir ad-Din Tusi

1201–1274

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Filozofia Awicenny wytrzymuje krytykę, a etyka obejmuje całe życie – charakter osobisty, gospodarstwo domowe i państwo.

Umiejscowienie

Filozofia w świecie islamu · Azja Zachodnia i Afryka Północna · Etyka, Nauka, Metafizyka

Perski erudyta i astronom z obserwatorium w Maragha: bronił Awicenny; jego „Etyka Nasyrejska” przez stulecia pozostawała standardowym perskim dziełem o etyce.

Kluczowe idee

Obrona Awicenny
Etyka, gospodarstwo domowe i polityka
Para Tusiego (astronomia)

Uczniowie: Kutb ad-Din asz-Szirazi

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 5

Arystoteles

pod wpływem
Al-Tusi’s Persian logic, The Foundation of Acquisition (Asas al-iqtibas, 1244), treats the whole Aristotelian Organon, including rhetoric and poetics. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Asas al-iqtibas (1244); Encyclopaedia Iranica “Asas al-eqtebas”
Źródło: szkic AI
Arystoteles › 384–322 p.n.e.
Al-Farabi

pod wpływem
The political part of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics (1235) drew on al-Farabi’s virtuous city and his classification of virtuous and ignorant cities. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlaq-i Nasiri (1235), tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
Źródło: szkic AI
Al-Farabi › ok. 872–950
Miskawajh

pod wpływem
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was asked to translate Miskawayh’s Refinement of Character into Persian and made it the basis of the first, ethical part of his Nasirean Ethics (1235), adding parts on the household and the state. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī (1235), preface; tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
Źródło: szkic AI
Miskawajh › ok. 932–1030
Ibn al-Hajsam

pod wpływem
Al-Tusi’s non-Ptolemaic planetary models in his Memoir on Astronomy (1261), with the “Tusi couple”, belong to the response of the Maragha astronomers to objections against Ptolemy’s models of the kind Ibn al-Haytham had raised in his Doubts; the connection is one of programme rather than direct commentary. G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
Źródło: szkic AI
Ibn al-Hajsam › ok. 965–1040
Awicenna

pod wpływem ✓
Al-Tusi’s commentary on Avicenna’s Pointers and Reminders (completed 1246) defended him against Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s objections and shaped how later scholars read him. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Hall mushkilat al-Isharat (1246); SEP “Ibn Sina [Avicenna]”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Awicenna › 980–1037

Wpływ na 5

Kutb ad-Din asz-Szirazi uczeń/uczennica

uczeń/uczennica ✓
Qutb al-Din studied Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions and astronomy with Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at the Maragha observatory from about 1262 and became his best-known student; he gave an account of his education himself. F. J. Ragep, “Shīrāzī”, Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (2007); J. Walbridge, The Science of Mystic Lights (1992), ch. 1
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Kutb ad-Din asz-Szirazi › 1236–1311
Asz-Szarif al-Dżurdżani

wpływ na
Al-Jurjani wrote a commentary on Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī ʿilm al-hayʾa); the oldest manuscript dates from 1410, during his lifetime. al-Jurjani, Sharḥ al-Tadhkira; F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
Źródło: szkic AI
Asz-Szarif al-Dżurdżani › 1340–1413
Dżalal ad-Din ad-Dawani

wpływ na
Al-Dawani modelled his Jalalian Ethics on al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics, and he developed much of his philosophy in glosses on al-Qushji’s commentary on al-Tusi’s Abstract of Theology. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî”; R. Pourjavady, in K. El-Rouayheb and S. Schmidtke (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy (2017), ch. 19; SEP “The Liar Paradox in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy”
Źródło: szkic AI
Dżalal ad-Din ad-Dawani › ok. 1426–1502
Mikołaj Kopernik

wpływ na sporne ✓
Copernicus used the same construction as the Tusi couple in De revolutionibus (1543); whether he knew al-Tusi’s work, perhaps through Byzantine channels, is disputed. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543); F. J. Ragep, “Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors”, History of Science 45 (2007); G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Mikołaj Kopernik › 1473–1543
Kınalızade Ali Çelebi

wpływ na
Kınalızade’s Ethics of Ali follows the arrangement of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics – ethics, household, state – which he names among his sources. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî” (A. Kahraman); Kınalızade, Ahlâk-ı Alâî (1564), preface
Źródło: szkic AI
Kınalızade Ali Çelebi › 1510–1572

Krytyka

Krytykuje 3

Asz-Szahrastani

krytykuje
Al-Tusi answered al-Shahrastani’s attack on Ibn Sina point by point in Wrestler’s Downfall (Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ), defending Ibn Sina’s metaphysics. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ; Madelung and Mayer 2001
Źródło: szkic AI
Asz-Szahrastani › ok. 1086–1153
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

krytykuje
Al-Tusi defended Avicenna’s Pointers against al-Razi’s objections (Hall mushkilat al-Isharat) and critically reworked al-Razi’s theology in his Talkhis al-Muhassal. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Ḥall mushkilāt al-Ishārāt; Talkhīṣ al-Muḥaṣṣal
Źródło: szkic AI
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi › ok. 1150–1210
Asir ad-Din al-Abhari

krytykuje
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi answered al-Abhari’s logic book Tanzīl al-afkār in a systematic critique, Adjusting the Standard (Taʿdīl al-miʿyār), defending Ibn Sina’s logic against al-Abhari’s revisions. al-Tusi, Taʿdīl al-miʿyār fī naqd Tanzīl al-afkār, ed. M. Mohaghegh and T. Izutsu, Collected Texts and Papers on Logic and Language (1974); SEP “al-Khūnajī”
Źródło: szkic AI
Asir ad-Din al-Abhari › ok. 1194–1265

Dzieła

ok. 1235Etyka Nasyrejska
Etyka, gospodarstwo domowe i polityka po persku – przez stulecia standardowy podręcznik etyki w świecie perskojęzycznym.

Stanowisko

Al-Tusi was one of the most versatile scholars of the Islamic world. In his commentary on Avicenna’s Remarks and Admonitions he defended Avicenna against the objections of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and so helped secure his place in later thought. The Nasirean Ethics, written in Persian, combined Miskawayh’s ethics with household management and al-Farabi’s political philosophy, linking individual virtue to the well-ordered community. In theology he laid foundations of Twelver Shiite doctrine. As an astronomer he devised the “Tusi couple”, two circles rolling one inside the other that produce straight-line motion – a construction that later reappears in Copernicus. He also made trigonometry an independent discipline.

Życie i kontekst

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was born in 1201 in Tus in Khorasan and studied there and in Nishapur. For about three decades he served the Ismaili rulers in their mountain fortresses, among them Alamut. When the Mongols took Alamut in 1256 he entered the service of Hülegü, accompanied him to Baghdad in 1258 and persuaded him to build the observatory of Maragha. He died in Baghdad in 1274.