नासिरुद्दीन तूसी
इब्न सीना का दर्शन अपने आलोचकों के सामने टिकता है, और नैतिकता पूरे जीवन को आवृत करती है – व्यक्तिगत चरित्र, गृहस्थी और राज्य।
पृष्ठभूमि
फ़ारसी बहुज्ञ और मराग़ा वेधशाला के खगोलशास्त्री: उन्होंने अबू अली सीना का बचाव किया; उनकी “नासिरी नीति” सदियों तक नीतिशास्त्र पर फ़ारसी की एक मानक कृति बनी रही।
मुख्य विचार
- अबू अली सीना का बचाव
- नीति, गृहस्थी और राजनीति
- तूसी युग्म (खगोलशास्त्र)
शिष्य: क़ुतुबुद्दीन शीराज़ी
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 5
अरस्तू
जिनसे प्रभावित
Al-Tusi’s Persian logic, The Foundation of Acquisition (Asas al-iqtibas, 1244), treats the whole Aristotelian Organon, including rhetoric and poetics. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Asas al-iqtibas (1244); Encyclopaedia Iranica “Asas al-eqtebas”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अरस्तू › 384–322 ईसा पूर्व
अल-फराबी
जिनसे प्रभावित
The political part of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics (1235) drew on al-Farabi’s virtuous city and his classification of virtuous and ignorant cities. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlaq-i Nasiri (1235), tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अल-फराबी › लगभग 872–950
मिस्कवेह
जिनसे प्रभावित
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was asked to translate Miskawayh’s Refinement of Character into Persian and made it the basis of the first, ethical part of his Nasirean Ethics (1235), adding parts on the household and the state. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī (1235), preface; tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मिस्कवेह › लगभग 932–1030
इब्न अल-हेथम
जिनसे प्रभावित
Al-Tusi’s non-Ptolemaic planetary models in his Memoir on Astronomy (1261), with the “Tusi couple”, belong to the response of the Maragha astronomers to objections against Ptolemy’s models of the kind Ibn al-Haytham had raised in his Doubts; the connection is one of programme rather than direct commentary. G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इब्न अल-हेथम › लगभग 965–1040
अबू अली सीना
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Al-Tusi’s commentary on Avicenna’s Pointers and Reminders (completed 1246) defended him against Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s objections and shaped how later scholars read him. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Hall mushkilat al-Isharat (1246); SEP “Ibn Sina [Avicenna]”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
अबू अली सीना › 980–1037
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 5
क़ुतुबुद्दीन शीराज़ी जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया ✓
Qutb al-Din studied Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions and astronomy with Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at the Maragha observatory from about 1262 and became his best-known student; he gave an account of his education himself. F. J. Ragep, “Shīrāzī”, Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (2007); J. Walbridge, The Science of Mystic Lights (1992), ch. 1
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
क़ुतुबुद्दीन शीराज़ी › 1236–1311
सैयद शरीफ़ जुरजानी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Al-Jurjani wrote a commentary on Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī ʿilm al-hayʾa); the oldest manuscript dates from 1410, during his lifetime. al-Jurjani, Sharḥ al-Tadhkira; F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सैयद शरीफ़ जुरजानी › 1340–1413
जलालुद्दीन दवानी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Al-Dawani modelled his Jalalian Ethics on al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics, and he developed much of his philosophy in glosses on al-Qushji’s commentary on al-Tusi’s Abstract of Theology. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî”; R. Pourjavady, in K. El-Rouayheb and S. Schmidtke (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy (2017), ch. 19; SEP “The Liar Paradox in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जलालुद्दीन दवानी › लगभग 1426–1502
निकोलस कोपरनिकस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया विवादित ✓
Copernicus used the same construction as the Tusi couple in De revolutionibus (1543); whether he knew al-Tusi’s work, perhaps through Byzantine channels, is disputed. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543); F. J. Ragep, “Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors”, History of Science 45 (2007); G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
निकोलस कोपरनिकस › 1473–1543
किनालीज़ादे अली चेलेबी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Kınalızade’s Ethics of Ali follows the arrangement of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics – ethics, household, state – which he names among his sources. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî” (A. Kahraman); Kınalızade, Ahlâk-ı Alâî (1564), preface
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
किनालीज़ादे अली चेलेबी › 1510–1572
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
अबू अल-फतह अल-शहरिस्तानी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Al-Tusi answered al-Shahrastani’s attack on Ibn Sina point by point in Wrestler’s Downfall (Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ), defending Ibn Sina’s metaphysics. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ; Madelung and Mayer 2001
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अबू अल-फतह अल-शहरिस्तानी › लगभग 1086–1153
फ़ख़्र अल-दीन अल-राज़ी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Al-Tusi defended Avicenna’s Pointers against al-Razi’s objections (Hall mushkilat al-Isharat) and critically reworked al-Razi’s theology in his Talkhis al-Muhassal. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Ḥall mushkilāt al-Ishārāt; Talkhīṣ al-Muḥaṣṣal
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़ख़्र अल-दीन अल-राज़ी › लगभग 1150–1210
असीरुद्दीन अबहरी
जिनकी आलोचना की
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi answered al-Abhari’s logic book Tanzīl al-afkār in a systematic critique, Adjusting the Standard (Taʿdīl al-miʿyār), defending Ibn Sina’s logic against al-Abhari’s revisions. al-Tusi, Taʿdīl al-miʿyār fī naqd Tanzīl al-afkār, ed. M. Mohaghegh and T. Izutsu, Collected Texts and Papers on Logic and Language (1974); SEP “al-Khūnajī”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
असीरुद्दीन अबहरी › लगभग 1194–1265
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1235नासिरी नीति
फ़ारसी में नीति, गृह-प्रबंधन और राजनीति – सदियों तक फ़ारसीभाषी संसार में नीतिशास्त्र की मानक पुस्तिका।
मत
Al-Tusi was one of the most versatile scholars of the Islamic world. In his commentary on Avicenna’s Remarks and Admonitions he defended Avicenna against the objections of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and so helped secure his place in later thought. The Nasirean Ethics, written in Persian, combined Miskawayh’s ethics with household management and al-Farabi’s political philosophy, linking individual virtue to the well-ordered community. In theology he laid foundations of Twelver Shiite doctrine. As an astronomer he devised the “Tusi couple”, two circles rolling one inside the other that produce straight-line motion – a construction that later reappears in Copernicus. He also made trigonometry an independent discipline.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was born in 1201 in Tus in Khorasan and studied there and in Nishapur. For about three decades he served the Ismaili rulers in their mountain fortresses, among them Alamut. When the Mongols took Alamut in 1256 he entered the service of Hülegü, accompanied him to Baghdad in 1258 and persuaded him to build the observatory of Maragha. He died in Baghdad in 1274.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The Nasirean Ethics (Akhlaq-i Nasiri, 1235)
- Commentary on Avicenna’s Remarks and Admonitions (mid-13th century)
- Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira, 1261)
- Ilkhanid Astronomical Tables (Zij-i Ilkhani, 1272)
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