Mikołaj Kopernik
Ziemia nie jest środkiem wszechświata; porusza się wokół Słońca jak inne planety.
Umiejscowienie
Heliocentryczny obraz świata – „przewrót kopernikański”, który Kant uczynił metaforą swojej filozofii.
Kluczowe idee
- Heliocentryzm
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Pitagoras
pod wpływem
In the dedication of De revolutionibus (1543) Copernicus cited Pythagorean precedents for a moving earth and the Pythagoreans’ practice of passing on doctrine only to friends. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543), dedication to Paul III; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”; SEP “Pythagoreanism”
Źródło: szkic AI
Pitagoras › według tradycji ok. 570–495 p.n.e.
Nasir ad-Din Tusi
pod wpływem sporne ✓
Copernicus used the same construction as the Tusi couple in De revolutionibus (1543); whether he knew al-Tusi’s work, perhaps through Byzantine channels, is disputed. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543); F. J. Ragep, “Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors”, History of Science 45 (2007); G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Nasir ad-Din Tusi › 1201–1274
Wpływ na 3
Giordano Bruno
wpływ na ✓
Bruno took up Copernicus’ moving earth but read it beyond astronomy as a step to an infinite universe with countless worlds (La cena de le ceneri, 1584). G. Bruno, La cena de le ceneri (1584); De l’infinito, universo e mondi (1584); SEP “Giordano Bruno”
Giordano Bruno › 1548–1600
Galileusz
wpływ na
Galileo defended Copernicus’ heliocentric system with telescopic evidence (Sidereus nuncius, 1610) and in the Dialogo (1632), which led to his condemnation in 1633. Galileo, Sidereus nuncius (1610); Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (1632); SEP “Galileo Galilei”; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
Źródło: szkic AI
Galileusz › 1564–1642
Isaac Newton
wpływ na
Newton gave the Copernican arrangement of the planets a dynamical basis by deriving planetary motion around the sun from universal gravitation (Principia, 1687). I. Newton, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (1687); SEP “Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
Źródło: szkic AI
Isaac Newton › 1643–1727
Dzieła
Słońce przesuwa się do środka.
Stanowisko
Copernicus was not a philosopher in the narrow sense, but his idea transformed philosophy. Dissatisfied with the complicated Ptolemaic system, he proposed that the sun, not the earth, stands near the centre, and that the earth rotates daily and orbits the sun yearly. Many apparent irregularities of planetary motion then became simple consequences of our own movement. The theory displaced humanity from the centre of the cosmos and showed that appearances can deceive about the true order of things. Kepler, Galileo and Newton completed the revolution, and Kant later called his own philosophical turn a “Copernican” one.
Życie i kontekst
Born in 1473 in Toruń, Copernicus studied in Kraków and in Italy, at Bologna, Padua and Ferrara, where he took a doctorate in canon law. He spent most of his life as a canon of Frombork Cathedral in Warmia, working as administrator, physician and economic adviser. Persuaded by his pupil Rheticus, he finally published his main work in 1543, the year of his death.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Commentariolus (c. 1510)
- On the Minting of Coin (1526)
- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
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