نصير الدين الطوسي
تصمد فلسفة ابن سينا في وجه نقادها، والأخلاق تشمل الحياة كلها – تهذيب النفس وتدبير المنزل وسياسة الدولة.
التموضع
موسوعي فارسي وفلكي في مرصد مراغة: دافع عن ابن سينا؛ وظل كتابه «الأخلاق الناصرية» مرجعًا فارسيًا في الأخلاق قرونًا.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الدفاع عن ابن سينا
- الأخلاق وتدبير المنزل والسياسة
- مزدوجة الطوسي (في الفلك)
التلاميذ: قطب الدين الشيرازي
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 5
أرسطو
تأثّر بـ
Al-Tusi’s Persian logic, The Foundation of Acquisition (Asas al-iqtibas, 1244), treats the whole Aristotelian Organon, including rhetoric and poetics. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Asas al-iqtibas (1244); Encyclopaedia Iranica “Asas al-eqtebas”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أرسطو › 384–322 ق.م
الفارابي
تأثّر بـ
The political part of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics (1235) drew on al-Farabi’s virtuous city and his classification of virtuous and ignorant cities. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlaq-i Nasiri (1235), tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
الفارابي › نحو 872–950
مسكويه
تأثّر بـ
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was asked to translate Miskawayh’s Refinement of Character into Persian and made it the basis of the first, ethical part of his Nasirean Ethics (1235), adding parts on the household and the state. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī (1235), preface; tr. G. M. Wickens, The Nasirean Ethics (1964)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
مسكويه › نحو 932–1030
ابن الهيثم
تأثّر بـ
Al-Tusi’s non-Ptolemaic planetary models in his Memoir on Astronomy (1261), with the “Tusi couple”, belong to the response of the Maragha astronomers to objections against Ptolemy’s models of the kind Ibn al-Haytham had raised in his Doubts; the connection is one of programme rather than direct commentary. G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
ابن الهيثم › نحو 965–1040
ابن سينا
تأثّر بـ ✓
Al-Tusi’s commentary on Avicenna’s Pointers and Reminders (completed 1246) defended him against Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s objections and shaped how later scholars read him. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Hall mushkilat al-Isharat (1246); SEP “Ibn Sina [Avicenna]”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
ابن سينا › 980–1037
أثّر في 5
قطب الدين الشيرازي علّم
علّم ✓
Qutb al-Din studied Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions and astronomy with Nasir al-Din al-Tusi at the Maragha observatory from about 1262 and became his best-known student; he gave an account of his education himself. F. J. Ragep, “Shīrāzī”, Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (2007); J. Walbridge, The Science of Mystic Lights (1992), ch. 1
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
قطب الدين الشيرازي › 1236–1311
الشريف الجرجاني
أثّر في
Al-Jurjani wrote a commentary on Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira fī ʿilm al-hayʾa); the oldest manuscript dates from 1410, during his lifetime. al-Jurjani, Sharḥ al-Tadhkira; F. J. Ragep, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi’s Memoir on Astronomy (1993)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
الشريف الجرجاني › 1340–1413
جلال الدين الدواني
أثّر في
Al-Dawani modelled his Jalalian Ethics on al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics, and he developed much of his philosophy in glosses on al-Qushji’s commentary on al-Tusi’s Abstract of Theology. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî”; R. Pourjavady, in K. El-Rouayheb and S. Schmidtke (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy (2017), ch. 19; SEP “The Liar Paradox in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جلال الدين الدواني › نحو 1426–1502
نيكولاس كوبرنيكوس
أثّر في مختلف عليها ✓
Copernicus used the same construction as the Tusi couple in De revolutionibus (1543); whether he knew al-Tusi’s work, perhaps through Byzantine channels, is disputed. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543); F. J. Ragep, “Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors”, History of Science 45 (2007); G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
نيكولاس كوبرنيكوس › 1473–1543
قنالي زاده علي جلبي
أثّر في
Kınalızade’s Ethics of Ali follows the arrangement of al-Tusi’s Nasirean Ethics – ethics, household, state – which he names among his sources. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, “Ahlâk-ı Alâî” (A. Kahraman); Kınalızade, Ahlâk-ı Alâî (1564), preface
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
قنالي زاده علي جلبي › 1510–1572
النقد
ينتقد 3
الشهرستاني
انتقد
Al-Tusi answered al-Shahrastani’s attack on Ibn Sina point by point in Wrestler’s Downfall (Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ), defending Ibn Sina’s metaphysics. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Maṣāriʿ al-muṣāriʿ; Madelung and Mayer 2001
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
الشهرستاني › نحو 1086–1153
فخر الدين الرازي
انتقد
Al-Tusi defended Avicenna’s Pointers against al-Razi’s objections (Hall mushkilat al-Isharat) and critically reworked al-Razi’s theology in his Talkhis al-Muhassal. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Ḥall mushkilāt al-Ishārāt; Talkhīṣ al-Muḥaṣṣal
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
فخر الدين الرازي › نحو 1150–1210
أثير الدين الأبهري
انتقد
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi answered al-Abhari’s logic book Tanzīl al-afkār in a systematic critique, Adjusting the Standard (Taʿdīl al-miʿyār), defending Ibn Sina’s logic against al-Abhari’s revisions. al-Tusi, Taʿdīl al-miʿyār fī naqd Tanzīl al-afkār, ed. M. Mohaghegh and T. Izutsu, Collected Texts and Papers on Logic and Language (1974); SEP “al-Khūnajī”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أثير الدين الأبهري › نحو 1194–1265
الأعمال
- نحو 1235الأخلاق الناصرية
الأخلاق وتدبير المنزل والسياسة بالفارسية – وظل قرونًا كتابًا مرجعيًا في الأخلاق في العالم الناطق بالفارسية.
الموقف
Al-Tusi was one of the most versatile scholars of the Islamic world. In his commentary on Avicenna’s Remarks and Admonitions he defended Avicenna against the objections of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and so helped secure his place in later thought. The Nasirean Ethics, written in Persian, combined Miskawayh’s ethics with household management and al-Farabi’s political philosophy, linking individual virtue to the well-ordered community. In theology he laid foundations of Twelver Shiite doctrine. As an astronomer he devised the “Tusi couple”, two circles rolling one inside the other that produce straight-line motion – a construction that later reappears in Copernicus. He also made trigonometry an independent discipline.
الحياة والسياق
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was born in 1201 in Tus in Khorasan and studied there and in Nishapur. For about three decades he served the Ismaili rulers in their mountain fortresses, among them Alamut. When the Mongols took Alamut in 1256 he entered the service of Hülegü, accompanied him to Baghdad in 1258 and persuaded him to build the observatory of Maragha. He died in Baghdad in 1274.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- The Nasirean Ethics (Akhlaq-i Nasiri, 1235)
- Commentary on Avicenna’s Remarks and Admonitions (mid-13th century)
- Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira, 1261)
- Ilkhanid Astronomical Tables (Zij-i Ilkhani, 1272)
يرد في
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