رالف والدو إمرسون
ثق بنفسك وببصيرتك الخاصة قبل التقليد والسلطة، لأن الروح الإلهية نفسها تعيش في كل إنسان وفي الطبيعة.
التموضع
من أعلام المذهب التعالي (Transcendentalism): الاعتماد على الذات و«الروح الأعلى» – الطبيعة مرآة للروح.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الاعتماد على الذات
- الروح الأعلى
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 5
أفلاطون
تأثّر بـ ✓
Emerson made Plato the type of the philosopher in Representative Men (1850): ‘Out of Plato come all things that are still written and debated among men of thought.’ R. W. Emerson, Representative Men (1850), “Plato; or, the Philosopher”; SEP “Ralph Waldo Emerson”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
أفلاطون › 428–348 ق.م
أفلوطين
تأثّر بـ
Emerson took the motto of Nature (1836) from Plotinus: nature is ‘but an image or imitation of wisdom, the last thing of the soul’. R. W. Emerson, Nature (1836), motto; SEP “Ralph Waldo Emerson”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أفلوطين › 204–270
ميشيل دي مونتين
تأثّر بـ ✓
Emerson made Montaigne the type of the sceptic in Representative Men (1850), recalling that reading the Essays as a youth felt as if he had written them himself. R. W. Emerson, Representative Men (1850), “Montaigne; or, the Skeptic”; SEP “Ralph Waldo Emerson”
ميشيل دي مونتين › 1533–1592
إمانول سفيدنبوري
تأثّر بـ ✓
Emerson took up Swedenborg’s doctrine of correspondences between natural facts and spiritual truths in Nature (1836) and portrayed him as the mystic in Representative Men (1850). R. W. Emerson, Nature (1836), “Language”; Representative Men (1850), “Swedenborg; or, the Mystic”
إمانول سفيدنبوري › 1688–1772
إيمانويل كانط
تأثّر بـ
In ‘The Transcendentalist’ (1842) Emerson traced his movement’s name to Kant’s use of ‘transcendental’, a Kant he knew largely at second hand, through Coleridge and Carlyle. R. W. Emerson, “The Transcendentalist” (1842); SEP “Ralph Waldo Emerson”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
إيمانويل كانط › 1724–1804
أثّر في 4
هنري ديفيد ثورو
أثّر في ✓
Thoreau, Emerson’s protégé, took up his ideals of self-reliance and of nature as spirit (Nature, 1836) and tested them at Walden Pond on Emerson’s land (Walden, 1854). R. W. Emerson, Nature (1836); “Self-Reliance” (1841); H. D. Thoreau, Walden (1854); SEP “Henry David Thoreau”
هنري ديفيد ثورو › 1817–1862
ويليام جيمس
أثّر في ✓
James, whose father was Emerson’s friend, spoke at the Emerson centenary in Concord (1903), praising his faith in the worth of each individual’s experience. W. James, “Address at the Emerson Centenary in Concord” (1903), in Memories and Studies (1911); SEP “William James”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
ويليام جيمس › 1842–1910
فريدريك نيتشه
أثّر في ✓
Nietzsche read Emerson’s essays from his school years and put a passage from Emerson’s ‘History’ as the motto of the first edition of The Gay Science (1882). F. Nietzsche, Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (1882), motto; R. W. Emerson, Essays: First Series (1841), “History”; SEP “Friedrich Nietzsche”
فريدريك نيتشه › 1844–1900
خوسيه مارتي
أثّر في
Martí admired Emerson’s idealism of nature and self-reliance, which he joined with republican ethics, in an essay written at Emerson’s death (‘Emerson’, 1882). J. Martí, “Emerson”, La Opinión Nacional (Caracas, 1882), in Obras completas XIII
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
خوسيه مارتي › 1853–1895
الأعمال
- 1836الطبيعة (Nature)
بيان المتعالية الأمريكية: أصير مقلة عين شفافة.
ثِقْ بنفسك: كل قلب يهتز لذلك الوتر الحديدي.
الموقف
Emerson called on Americans to free themselves from the authority of European tradition, church doctrine and conformity and to trust their own intuition. In each individual soul speaks the divine “Over-Soul”, which connects all beings; nature, rightly seen, is a language of spirit. Hence his call to self-reliance: whoever follows their own inner voice touches what is universal. “Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.” His essays, drawing on Romanticism, German idealism and Indian thought, gave the young American culture a philosophy of its own and shaped Thoreau, Whitman, Nietzsche and later the pragmatists.
الحياة والسياق
Emerson came from a long line of New England ministers, studied at Harvard and served as a Unitarian pastor until he resigned in 1832. After meeting Coleridge, Wordsworth and Carlyle in Europe, he settled in Concord, Massachusetts. As essayist and celebrated lecturer he became the central figure of American Transcendentalism and a mentor to Thoreau.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- The American Scholar (1837)
- Representative Men (1850)
- The Conduct of Life (1860)
بحسب الوضع في نوفمبر 2026 · المصادر · حسّن هذه الصفحة · كيف صُنع Agora