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何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯

1882–1959

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在巴斯孔塞洛斯看来，联合世界的是美和情感，而不是冰冷的科学——他希望所有民族的混合会造就一种新的普遍人性——这一愿景因仍然给“种族”排序而受到批评。

定位

拉丁美洲与加勒比哲学 · 拉丁美洲与加勒比 · 美学, 社会与历史, 形而上学

墨西哥哲学家和教育部长：他反对实证主义，提出了审美一元论，以及由各民族混合而产生“宇宙种族”的构想——后来因其种族思想而受到批评。

核心思想

  • 宇宙种族
  • 审美一元论
  • 对实证主义的批判

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 毕达哥拉斯

    受其影响

    Vasconcelos took Pythagoras’ doctrine of number and harmony as the model for a theory of rhythm uniting the cosmos, art and soul (Pitágoras: una teoría del ritmo, 1916). J. Vasconcelos, Pitágoras: Una teoría del ritmo (1916); El monismo estético (1918)

    依据: AI 草稿

    毕达哥拉斯 › 相传 约公元前570—前495年年

  • 乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀）

    受其影响

    Vasconcelos’s Hindustani Studies (1920) presented Brahmanic thought, the Buddha and Buddhism, and yoga to Spanish-speaking readers as part of his search for a spiritual alternative to positivism. J. Vasconcelos, Estudios indostánicos (Madrid, 1920)

    依据: AI 草稿

    乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀） › 约公元前480—前400年年 · 通行断代 公元前563—前483年

  • 亚瑟·叔本华

    受其影响

    Vasconcelos took from Schopenhauer the redemptive power of aesthetic contemplation, making art the highest form of knowledge in his aesthetic monism (El monismo estético, 1918). J. Vasconcelos, El monismo estético (1918); Estética (1936)

    依据: AI 草稿

    亚瑟·叔本华 › 1788–1860

  • 亨利·柏格森

    受其影响

    Vasconcelos drew on Bergson’s creative evolution and intuition for an aesthetic monism in which history rises towards a spiritual, aesthetic stage (La raza cósmica, 1925). J. Vasconcelos, La raza cósmica (1925); El monismo estético (1918)

    依据: AI 草稿

    亨利·柏格森 › 1859–1941

影响了 1

  • 格洛丽亚·安扎尔杜亚

    影响了

    Anzaldúa began ‘La conciencia de la mestiza’ with Vasconcelos’s cosmic race, rereading it as a vision of inclusion rather than purity (Borderlands/La Frontera, 1987). G. Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987); J. Vasconcelos, La raza cósmica (1925)

    依据: AI 草稿

    格洛丽亚·安扎尔杜亚 › 1942–2004

批评

批评了 1

  • 奥古斯特·孔德

    批评了

    Vasconcelos and the Ateneo de la Juventud rejected the Comtean positivism of Porfirian Mexico for a philosophy of emotion and beauty (lecture on Gabino Barreda, 1910). J. Vasconcelos, “Don Gabino Barreda y las ideas contemporáneas”, lecture at the Ateneo de la Juventud (1910); La raza cósmica (1925)

    依据: AI 草稿

    奥古斯特·孔德 › 1798–1857

作品

  • 1925宇宙种族

    拉丁美洲各民族的混合预示着第五个“宇宙”种族和人类的审美时代——这一混合的愿景仍然对种族加以排序，并因抹去黑人和原住民而受到批评。

立场

Vasconcelos opposed positivism with a philosophy of emotion, rhythm and beauty. In his “aesthetic monism” reality is one energy rising from the physical through the living to the spiritual, fulfilled in aesthetic experience; Pythagoras, Schopenhauer and Bergson were key sources. The Cosmic Race predicted that the mixing of white, Indigenous, Black and Asian peoples in Latin America would produce a fifth, universal race and an aesthetic age. Critics have shown that the essay retains racial hierarchies, imagines a kind of aesthetic eugenics and helped make mestizaje a state ideology that obscured Indigenous and Black peoples. Around 1940 he openly sympathised with fascism. Anzaldúa reworked his idea in Borderlands.

生平与背景

José Vasconcelos was born in Oaxaca in 1882 and studied law in Mexico City. In 1909 he co-founded the Ateneo de la Juventud, a circle opposed to the official positivism, and joined the revolution. As rector of the National University (1920) and minister of education (1921–24) he led literacy campaigns and commissioned the muralists. After losing the disputed presidential election of 1929 he went into exile; he died in 1959.

其他主要作品

  • Pythagoras: A Theory of Rhythm (Pitágoras: una teoría del ritmo, 1916)
  • Aesthetic Monism (El monismo estético, 1918)
  • The Cosmic Race (La raza cósmica, 1925)
  • A Mexican Ulysses (Ulises criollo, autobiography, 1935)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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