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尤斯图斯·利普修斯

1547–1606

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

面对时代的苦难——战争、迫害、流亡——良方不是逃避，而是坚毅：一种立足于理性而非意见、接受天意所带来之事的心灵坚定；统治者必须把美德与审慎结合起来，维护秩序，保持一支纪律严明的军队。

定位

文艺复兴与人文主义 · 西欧 · 伦理学, 政治与法

在莱顿和鲁汶任教的佛兰德人文主义者和语文学家，塔西佗和塞涅卡著作的编者：在宗教战争中，他把斯多亚伦理学更新为“坚毅”，即以理性为根据的心灵坚定，并在《政治学》中劝告君主讲求审慎、秩序和纪律严明的军队。

核心思想

  • 坚毅（constantia）
  • 新斯多亚主义
  • 政治中的审慎
  • 基督教斯多亚主义

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 塞涅卡

    受其影响

    Lipsius revived Seneca’s Stoicism for Christian readers in De constantia (1584) and the Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604), and edited Seneca’s works (1605). J. Lipsius, De constantia (1584); Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604); L. Annaei Senecae opera (1605); SEP “Justus Lipsius”

    依据: AI 草稿

    塞涅卡 › 约公元前4年—公元65年年

  • 尼科洛·马基雅维利

    受其影响

    In Politica IV (1589) Lipsius admitted a ‘mixed prudence’, allowing some deceit in the state’s interest, in explicit dialogue with Machiavelli. J. Lipsius, Politicorum sive civilis doctrinae libri sex (1589), book IV; J. Waszink (ed.), Politica (2004), introduction

    依据: AI 草稿

    尼科洛·马基雅维利 › 1469–1527

作品

  • 1584论坚毅

    以低地国家战争为背景的对话：作者逃离故乡，却从朋友朗吉乌斯那里懂得，医治公共灾祸的不是出游，而是坚毅——一种由理性稳定下来、接受天意与必然的心灵。

  • 1589政治学六卷

    一本主要由古代作家（尤其是塔西佗）的引文编成的君主手册：美德与审慎、纪律严明的军队、单一的公共宗教，以及第四卷中为了国家而容许某些欺骗的“混合审慎”。

立场

Lipsius is on the map as the founder of Neostoicism, the revival of Stoic philosophy that shaped European ethics and political thought around 1600. “On Constancy” (1584), written amid war, persecution and exile in the Low Countries, presents in dialogue form a Stoicism compatible with Christianity: constancy is a strength of mind grounded in reason, not in opinion; public evils are borne by recognising providence and necessity, not escaped by flight. In the “Manuductio” and “Physiologia Stoicorum” (both 1604) he gave the first systematic modern account of Stoic ethics and physics. His “Six Books of Politics” (1589), composed largely of ancient quotations, advised rulers to join virtue with prudence, to maintain a disciplined army and to preserve one public religion; in Book IV he admitted a “mixed prudence” with some deceit in the interest of the state, in dialogue with Tacitus and Machiavelli. The book was translated into many languages and influenced the theory of the early modern state; his demand for religious unity was attacked by Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert as a licence for persecution. Historians such as Gerhard Oestreich have linked Neostoicism with military discipline and the formation of the modern state.

生平与背景

Justus Lipsius (Joost Lips) was born on 18 October 1547 in Overijse near Brussels. He was educated by the Jesuits in Cologne and at the University of Leuven, and then spent two years in Rome as Latin secretary to Cardinal Granvelle, studying inscriptions and manuscripts. During the Dutch Revolt and the wars of religion he moved between confessions and universities: Jena (1572–74, Lutheran), Leiden (1578–91, Calvinist), where he was one of the leading professors of the young university, and from 1592 Leuven again, where he returned to the Catholic church and held the chair of Latin and history until his death. His editions of Tacitus (1574) and Seneca (1605) set new standards, and his letters made him a centre of the European republic of letters. He died in Leuven on 23 March 1606.

其他主要作品

  • C. Cornelii Taciti opera (ed., 1574)
  • De constantia libri duo (1584)
  • Politicorum sive civilis doctrinae libri sex (1589)
  • Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604)
  • Physiologia Stoicorum (1604)
  • L. Annaei Senecae opera (ed., 1605)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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