Seneka Młodszy
Życie jest dość długie, jeśli się je dobrze wykorzystuje; liczy się zachowanie spokoju i słuszne działanie, cokolwiek przyniesie los.
Umiejscowienie
Stoik, mąż stanu i autor listów o czasie, śmierci i równowadze ducha.
Kluczowe idee
- O krótkości życia
- Równowaga ducha
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 3
Epikur
pod wpływem
Seneca ended many early Letters to Lucilius with a saying of Epicurus, crossing into the enemy camp ‘not as a deserter but as a scout’ (Letter 2.5). Seneca, Epistulae morales 1–29, esp. 2.5; SEP “Seneca”
Źródło: szkic AI
Epikur › 341–270 p.n.e.
Zenon z Kition
pod wpływem
Seneca took up the Stoic ethics founded by Zeno – virtue the only good, life in agreement with nature – but found Zeno’s compressed syllogisms unpersuasive (Letters 82–83). Seneca, Epistulae morales 82–83; SEP “Seneca”
Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO
Zenon z Kition › ok. 334–262 p.n.e.
Chryzyp
pod wpływem
Seneca followed Chrysippus in treating anger as assent to a judgement and distinguished involuntary ‘first movements’ that precede assent (De ira II.1–4). Seneca, De ira II.1–4; De beneficiis I.3–4 (on Chrysippus’ Graces); R. Sorabji, Emotion and Peace of Mind (2000); SEP “Seneca”
Źródło: szkic AI
Chryzyp › ok. 279–206 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 6
Heloiza
wpływ na
Arguing against marriage, Héloïse quoted Seneca’s letter that philosophy demands one’s whole time, as Abelard reports in the Historia calamitatum (c. 1132). Abelard, Historia calamitatum (c. 1132); Seneca, Epistulae morales 72.3; The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. D. Luscombe (2013)
Źródło: szkic AI
Heloiza › ok. 1100–1164
Michel de Montaigne
wpływ na
Montaigne quoted Seneca constantly and paired him with Plutarch as his main reading, taking up his practice of self-examination and preparation for death (Essays I.20, II.10). M. de Montaigne, Essais I.20, II.10, II.32 (1580–95); SEP “Michel de Montaigne”
Źródło: szkic AI
Michel de Montaigne › 1533–1592
Justus Lipsius
wpływ na
Lipsius revived Seneca’s Stoicism for Christian readers in De constantia (1584) and the Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604), and edited Seneca’s works (1605). J. Lipsius, De constantia (1584); Manuductio ad Stoicam philosophiam (1604); L. Annaei Senecae opera (1605); SEP “Justus Lipsius”
Źródło: szkic AI
Justus Lipsius › 1547–1606
María Zambrano
wpływ na
In The Living Thought of Seneca (1944) Zambrano read Seneca’s Stoicism not as a system but as a reason that consoles and accompanies life. M. Zambrano, El pensamiento vivo de Séneca (1944)
Źródło: szkic AI
María Zambrano › 1904–1991
Michel Foucault
wpływ na
Foucault drew on Seneca’s letters and his evening examination of conscience for the ‘culture of the self’ (L’herméneutique du sujet, 1981–82; publ. 2001; Le souci de soi, 1984). M. Foucault, L’herméneutique du sujet (lectures 1981–82; ed. F. Gros, 2001); Le souci de soi (1984); Seneca, De ira; Epistulae morales; SEP “Seneca”
Źródło: szkic AI
Michel Foucault › 1926–1984
Martha Nussbaum
wpływ na
Nussbaum read Seneca’s De ira as Stoic therapy of the passions, treating emotions as judgements open to rational criticism (The Therapy of Desire, 1994). M. C. Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics (1994); Seneca, De ira
Źródło: szkic AI
Martha Nussbaum › ur. 1947
Dzieła
124 listy o czasie, śmierci i przyjaźni – często z cytatem z Epikura jako darem.
Stanowisko
Seneca’s letters and essays are the largest surviving body of Roman Stoic writing. In letters and essays he applies Stoic doctrine to everyday life: how to deal with anger, grief, the shortness of time and the fear of death. Only virtue is good; external goods like wealth and reputation can be lost at any moment, so true freedom lies in our attitude towards what happens. Philosophy is a practice of daily self-examination, a therapy of the soul. His vivid, personal style made him a favourite of Christian writers, of Montaigne and of the early modern moralists – although his wealth and his service to Nero drew charges of hypocrisy even in his lifetime.
Życie i kontekst
Lucius Annaeus Seneca was born in Córdoba in Spain and made a career in Rome as an orator, writer and politician. Exiled to Corsica under Claudius, he was recalled to become tutor and later adviser to the young Nero. After withdrawing from court he was accused of involvement in the Pisonian conspiracy and forced to take his own life in 65 CE.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- On Anger (c. 41–49 CE)
- On the Shortness of Life (c. 49 CE)
- On Clemency (c. 55 CE)
- Letters to Lucilius (c. 62–65 CE)
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