埃洛伊丝
使一个行为正当或不正当的，是其背后的意图，而不是行为本身——而真正的爱不为自己求取任何东西，甚至不求婚姻。
定位
学者，也是圣灵修道院（Paraclete）的女院长：她给阿伯拉尔的书信主张，一个行为的道德价值在于意图，而不在于行为本身，并为一种不追求婚姻、也不图回报的爱辩护。
核心思想
- 意图伦理学
- 无报偿的爱
- 对婚姻作为契约的批判
老师: 彼得·阿伯拉尔
影响
受影响于 3
西塞罗
受其影响
Héloïse drew on Cicero’s ideal of friendship loved for its own sake to argue that true love seeks no reward, neither marriage nor gain (first letter to Abelard). Héloïse, first letter to Abelard, in The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. D. Luscombe (2013); Cicero, De amicitia; C. J. Mews, The Lost Love Letters of Heloise and Abelard (1999)
依据: AI 草稿
西塞罗 › 公元前106—前43年
塞涅卡
受其影响
Arguing against marriage, Héloïse quoted Seneca’s letter that philosophy demands one’s whole time, as Abelard reports in the Historia calamitatum (c. 1132). Abelard, Historia calamitatum (c. 1132); Seneca, Epistulae morales 72.3; The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. D. Luscombe (2013)
依据: AI 草稿
塞涅卡 › 约公元前4年—公元65年年
彼得·阿伯拉尔 师从
师从
Attested by both: Abelard’s Historia calamitatum (c. 1132) tells how Fulbert engaged him as Héloïse’s tutor, and her letters to him recall it. Abelard, Historia calamitatum; Héloïse, letters to Abelard (ed. D. Luscombe, The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, 2013)
依据: AI 草稿
彼得·阿伯拉尔 › 1079–1142
作品
- 约1133年致阿伯拉尔的书信
回应阿伯拉尔的《我的灾难史》：婚姻之前的爱、行为之先的意图——并请求一部适合女性的修道规则。
立场
Héloïse’s letters, written in reply to Abelard’s “History of My Calamities”, are both an account of a woman’s inner life and a work of moral argument. She insists that she never sought marriage or security but Abelard himself, and would rather be his “whore” than empress; love, she argues with Cicero and Seneca, is worth nothing if it seeks a reward. On this basis she states a strict ethics of intention: God weighs not what is done but the spirit in which it is done, so she cannot pretend to a repentance she does not feel. Abelard’s “Ethics” later developed the same principle. Most scholars now accept the letters as authentic.
生平与背景
Héloïse (c. 1100–1164), niece of a canon of Notre-Dame in Paris, was famous for her learning before Peter Abelard became her tutor around 1115. Their love affair, her pregnancy, a secret marriage and Abelard’s castration by her uncle’s men ended with both taking religious vows. From about 1129 she was abbess of the Paraclete, the convent Abelard had founded, and corresponded with him; she died in 1164.
其他主要作品
- Letters to Abelard (c. 1132–1135)
- Problemata Heloissae (forty-two questions to Abelard; c. 1135)
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